---
kind: "section"
citation: "19 U.S.C. § 2575b"
title: "19"
title_heading: "Customs Duties"
number: "2575b"
heading: "Subpart definitions"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/19/2575b"
units:
  - "Chapter 13 — Trade Agreements Act of 1979"
  - "Subchapter II — Technical Barriers to Trade (standards)"
  - "Part E — Standards and Measures Under the North American Free Trade Agreement"
  - "Subpart 1 — sanitary and phytosanitary measures"
---

# §2575b. Subpart definitions


Notwithstanding [section 2571 of this title](/usc/19/2571.md), for purposes of this subpart—

- (1) **Animal—** The term “animal” includes fish, bees, and wild fauna.
- (2) **Approval procedure—** The term “approval procedure” means any registration, notification, or other mandatory administrative procedure for—
  - (A) approving the use of an additive for a stated purpose or under stated conditions, or
  - (B) establishing a tolerance for a stated purpose or under stated conditions for a [contaminant](#3),

  in a food, beverage, or feedstuff prior to permitting the use of the additive or the marketing of a food, beverage, or feedstuff containing the additive or [contaminant](#3).

- (3) **Contaminant—** The term “contaminant” includes pesticide and veterinary drug residues and extraneous matter.
- (4) **Control or inspection procedure—** The term “control or inspection procedure” means any procedure used, directly or indirectly, to determine that a [sanitary or phytosanitary measure](#7-A) is fulfilled, including sampling, testing, inspection, evaluation, verification, monitoring, auditing, assurance of conformity, accreditation, registration, certification, or other procedure involving the physical examination of a good, of the packaging of a good, or of the equipment or facilities directly related to production, marketing, or use of a good, but does not mean an [approval procedure](#2).
- (5) **Plant—** The term “plant” includes wild flora.
- (6) **Risk assessment—** The term “risk assessment” means an evaluation of—
  - (A) the potential for the introduction, establishment or spread of a pest or disease and associated biological and economic consequences; or
  - (B) the potential for adverse effects on human or [animal](#1) life or health arising from the presence of an additive, [contaminant](#3), toxin or disease-causing organism in a food, beverage, or feedstuff.
- (7) **Sanitary or phytosanitary measure—**
  - (A) **In general—** The term “sanitary or phytosanitary measure” means a measure to—
    - (i) protect [animal](#1) or [plant](#5) life or health in the [United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9) from risks arising from the introduction, establishment, or spread of a pest or disease;
    - (ii) protect human or [animal](#1) life or health in the [United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9) from risks arising from the presence of an additive, [contaminant](#3), toxin, or disease-causing organism in a food, beverage, or feedstuff;
    - (iii) protect human life or health in the [United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9) from risks arising from a disease-causing organism or pest carried by an [animal](#1) or [plant](#5), or a product thereof; or
    - (iv) prevent or limit other damage in the [United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9) arising from the introduction, establishment, or spread of a pest.
  - (B) **Form—** The form of a [sanitary or phytosanitary measure](#7-A) includes—
    - (i) end product criteria;
    - (ii) a product-related processing or production method;
    - (iii) a testing, inspection, certification, or [approval procedure](#2);
    - (iv) a relevant statistical method;
    - (v) a sampling procedure;
    - (vi) a method of [risk assessment](#6);
    - (vii) a packaging and labeling requirement directly related to food safety; and
    - (viii) a quarantine treatment, such as a relevant requirement associated with the transportation of [animals](#1) or [plants](#5) or with material necessary for their survival during transportation.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 96–39, title IV, § 463, as added Pub. L. 103–182, title III, § 351(a), Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2119.)