---
kind: "section"
citation: "19 U.S.C. § 2114b"
title: "19"
title_heading: "Customs Duties"
number: "2114b"
heading: "Provisions relating to international trade in services"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/19/2114b"
units:
  - "Chapter 12 — Trade Act of 1974"
  - "Subchapter I — Negotiating and Other Authority"
  - "Part 1"
---

# §2114b. Provisions relating to international trade in services

- (1) The [Secretary](/usc/19/2401.md?p=6) of [Commerce](/usc/19/2481.md?p=10) shall establish a [service](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4) [industries](/usc/19/1677.md?p=4-A) development program designed to—
  - (A) develop, in consultation with other Federal agencies as appropriate, policies regarding [services](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4) that are designed to increase the competitiveness of [United States](/usc/19/2319.md?p=8) [service](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4) [industries](/usc/19/1677.md?p=4-A) in foreign [commerce](/usc/19/2481.md?p=10);
  - (B) develop a data base for assessing the adequacy of Government policies and actions pertaining to [services](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4), including, but not limited to, data on trade, both aggregate and pertaining to individual [service](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4) [industries](/usc/19/1677.md?p=4-A);
  - (C) collect and analyze, in consultation with appropriate agencies, information pertaining to the international operations and competitiveness of [United States](/usc/19/2319.md?p=8) [service](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4) [industries](/usc/19/1677.md?p=4-A), including information with respect to—
    - (i) policies of foreign governments toward foreign and [United States](/usc/19/2319.md?p=8) [service](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4) [industries](/usc/19/1677.md?p=4-A);
    - (ii) Federal, [State](/usc/19/2319.md?p=8), and local regulation of both foreign and [United States](/usc/19/2319.md?p=8) suppliers of [services](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4), and the effect of such regulation on trade;
    - (iii) the adequacy of current [United States](/usc/19/2319.md?p=8) policies to strengthen the competitiveness of [United States](/usc/19/2319.md?p=8) [service](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4) [industries](/usc/19/1677.md?p=4-A) in foreign [commerce](/usc/19/2481.md?p=10), including export promotion activities in the [service](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4) sector;
    - (iv) tax treatment of [services](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4), with particular emphasis on the effect of [United States](/usc/19/2319.md?p=8) taxation on the international competitiveness of [United States](/usc/19/2319.md?p=8) firms and exports;
    - (v) treatment of [services](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4) under international agreements of the [United States](/usc/19/2319.md?p=8);
    - (vi) antitrust policies as such policies affect the competitiveness of [United States](/usc/19/2319.md?p=8) firms; and
    - (vii) treatment of [services](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4) in international agreements of the [United States](/usc/19/2319.md?p=8);
  - (D) conduct a program of research and analysis of [service](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4)-related issues and problems, including forecasts and industrial strategies; and
  - (E) conduct sectoral studies of domestic [service](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4) [industries](/usc/19/1677.md?p=4-A).
- (2) For purposes of the collection and analysis required by [paragraph (1)](#1), and for the purpose of any reporting the Department of [Commerce](/usc/19/2481.md?p=10) makes under [paragraph (3)](#3), such collection and reporting shall distinguish between income from investment and income from noninvestment [services](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4).
- (3) On not less than a biennial basis beginning in 1986, the [Secretary](/usc/19/2401.md?p=6) shall prepare a report which analyzes the information collected under [paragraph (1)](#1). Such report shall be submitted to the Congress and to the President by not later than the date that is 120 days after the close of the period covered by the report.
- (4) The [Secretary](/usc/19/2401.md?p=6) of [Commerce](/usc/19/2481.md?p=10) shall carry out the provisions of this subsection from funds otherwise made available to him which may be used for such purposes.
- (5) For purposes of this section, the term “[services](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4)” means economic activities whose outputs are other than tangible goods. Such term includes, but is not limited to, banking, insurance, transportation, postal and delivery [services](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4), communications and data processing, retail and wholesale trade, advertising, accounting, construction, design and engineering, management consulting, real estate, professional [services](/usc/19/2576b.md?p=4), entertainment, education, health care, and tourism.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 98–573, title III, § 306(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3008; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(h) [title VI, § 633(c)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–524.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### Codification

Section was enacted as part of the International Trade and Investment Act, and also as part of the Trade and Tariff Act of 1984, and not as part of the Trade Act of 1974 which comprises this chapter.

Section is comprised of subsec. (a) of section 306 of Pub. L. 98–573. Subsec. (b) of such section amended sections 3101, 3103, and 3104 and a provision set out as a note under section 3101 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse; subsec. (c)(1), (2)(A) of such section is classified to section 2114c of this title; and subsec. (c)(2)(B), (C) of such section amended sections 2114, 2155, 2413, and 2414 of this title.

### Amendments

1998—Par. (5). Pub. L. 105–277, which directed the amendment of par. (5) by inserting “postal and delivery services,” after “transportation.” in second sentence, was executed by making the insertion after “transportation,” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.