---
kind: "section"
citation: "19 U.S.C. § 1677f–1"
title: "19"
title_heading: "Customs Duties"
number: "1677f–1"
heading: "Sampling and averaging; determination of weighted average dumping margin and countervailable subsidy rate"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/19/1677f-1"
units:
  - "Chapter 4 — Tariff Act of 1930"
  - "Subtitle IV — Countervailing and Antidumping Duties"
  - "Part IV — General Provisions"
---

# §1677f–1. Sampling and averaging; determination of weighted average dumping margin and countervailable subsidy rate

- (a) **In general—** For purposes of determining the [export price](/usc/19/1683.md?p=5-A) (or constructed [export price](/usc/19/1683.md?p=5-A)) under [section 1677a of this title](/usc/19/1677a.md) or the normal value under [section 1677b of this title](/usc/19/1677b.md), and in carrying out reviews under [section 1675 of this title](/usc/19/1675.md), the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) may—
  - (1) use averaging and statistically valid samples, if there is a significant volume of sales of the [subject merchandise](/usc/19/1677.md?p=25) or a significant number or types of products, and
  - (2) decline to take into account adjustments which are insignificant in relation to the price or value of the merchandise.
- (b) **Selection of averages and samples—** The authority to select averages and statistically valid samples shall rest exclusively with the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1). The [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) shall, to the greatest extent possible, consult with the exporters and producers regarding the method to be used to select exporters, producers, or types of products under this section.
- (c) **Determination of dumping margin—**
  - (1) **General rule—** In determining [weighted average dumping margins](/usc/19/1677.md?p=35-B) under section [1673b(d)](/usc/19/1673b.md?p=d), [1673d(c)](/usc/19/1673d.md?p=c), or [1675(a)](/usc/19/1675.md?p=a) of this title, the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) shall determine the individual [weighted average dumping margin](/usc/19/1677.md?p=35-B) for each known exporter and producer of the [subject merchandise](/usc/19/1677.md?p=25).
  - (2) **Exception—** If it is not practicable to make individual [weighted average dumping margin](/usc/19/1677.md?p=35-B) determinations under [paragraph (1)](#c-1) because of the large number of exporters or producers involved in the investigation or review, the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) may determine the [weighted average dumping margins](/usc/19/1677.md?p=35-B) for a reasonable number of exporters or producers by limiting its examination to—
    - (A) a sample of exporters, producers, or types of products that is statistically valid based on the information available to the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) at the time of selection, or
    - (B) exporters and producers accounting for the largest volume of the [subject merchandise](/usc/19/1677.md?p=25) from the exporting [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) that can be reasonably examined.
- (d) **Determination of less than fair value—**
  - (1) **Investigations—**
    - (A) **In general—** In an investigation under part II of this subtitle, the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) shall determine whether the [subject merchandise](/usc/19/1677.md?p=25) is being sold in the [United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9) at less than fair value—
      - (i) by comparing the weighted average of the normal values to the weighted average of the [export prices](/usc/19/1683.md?p=5-A) (and constructed [export prices](/usc/19/1683.md?p=5-A)) for comparable merchandise, or
      - (ii) by comparing the normal values of individual transactions to the [export prices](/usc/19/1683.md?p=5-A) (or constructed [export prices](/usc/19/1683.md?p=5-A)) of individual transactions for comparable merchandise.
    - (B) **Exception—** The [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) may determine whether the [subject merchandise](/usc/19/1677.md?p=25) is being sold in the [United States](/usc/19/1683.md?p=9) at less than fair value by comparing the weighted average of the normal values to the [export prices](/usc/19/1683.md?p=5-A) (or constructed [export prices](/usc/19/1683.md?p=5-A)) of individual transactions for comparable merchandise, if—
      - (i) there is a pattern of [export prices](/usc/19/1683.md?p=5-A) (or constructed [export prices](/usc/19/1683.md?p=5-A)) for comparable merchandise that differ significantly among purchasers, regions, or periods of time, and
      - (ii) the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) explains why such differences cannot be taken into account using a method described in paragraph [(1)(A)(i)](#d-1-A-i) or (ii).
  - (2) **Reviews—** In a review under [section 1675 of this title](/usc/19/1675.md), when comparing [export prices](/usc/19/1683.md?p=5-A) (or constructed [export prices](/usc/19/1683.md?p=5-A)) of individual transactions to the weighted average price of sales of the [foreign like product](/usc/19/1677.md?p=16), the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) shall limit its averaging of prices to a period not exceeding the calendar month that corresponds most closely to the calendar month of the individual export sale.
- (e) **Determination of countervailable subsidy rate—**
  - (1) **General rule—** In determining countervailable subsidy rates under section [1671b(d)](/usc/19/1671b.md?p=d), [1671d(c)](/usc/19/1671d.md?p=c), or [1675(a)](/usc/19/1675.md?p=a) of this title, the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) shall determine an individual countervailable subsidy rate for each known [exporter or producer](/usc/19/1677.md?p=28) of the [subject merchandise](/usc/19/1677.md?p=25).
  - (2) **Exception—** If the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) determines that it is not practicable to determine individual countervailable subsidy rates under [paragraph (1)](#e-1) because of the large number of exporters or producers involved in the investigation or review, the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) may—
    - (A) determine individual countervailable subsidy rates for a reasonable number of exporters or producers by limiting its examination to—
      - (i) a sample of exporters or producers that the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) determines is statistically valid based on the information available to the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) at the time of selection, or
      - (ii) exporters and producers accounting for the largest volume of the [subject merchandise](/usc/19/1677.md?p=25) from the exporting [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3) that the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) determines can be reasonably examined; or
    - (B) determine a single [country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=3)-wide subsidy rate to be applied to all exporters and producers.

    The individual countervailable subsidy rates determined under [subparagraph (A)](#e-2-A) shall be used to determine the all-others rate under [section 1671d(c)(5) of this title](/usc/19/1671d.md?p=c-5).

- (f) **Adjustment of antidumping duty in certain proceedings relating to imports from nonmarket economy countries—**
  - (1) **In general—** If the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) determines, with respect to a class or kind of merchandise from a [nonmarket economy country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=18-A) for which an antidumping duty is determined using normal value pursuant to [section 1677b(c) of this title](/usc/19/1677b.md?p=c), that—
    - (A) pursuant to [section 1671(a)(1) of this title](/usc/19/1671.md?p=a-1), a countervailable subsidy (other than an export subsidy referred to in [section 1677a(c)(1)(C) of this title](/usc/19/1677a.md?p=c-1-C)) has been provided with respect to the class or kind of merchandise,
    - (B) such countervailable subsidy has been demonstrated to have reduced the average price of imports of the class or kind of merchandise during the relevant period, and
    - (C) the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) can reasonably estimate the extent to which the countervailable subsidy referred to in [subparagraph (B)](#f-1-B), in combination with the use of normal value determined pursuant to [section 1677b(c) of this title](/usc/19/1677b.md?p=c), has increased the [weighted average dumping margin](/usc/19/1677.md?p=35-B) for the class or kind of merchandise,

    the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) shall, except as provided in [paragraph (2)](#f-2), reduce the antidumping duty by the amount of the increase in the [weighted average dumping margin](/usc/19/1677.md?p=35-B) estimated by the [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) under [subparagraph (C)](#f-1-C).

  - (2) **Maximum reduction in antidumping duty—** The [administering authority](/usc/19/1677.md?p=1) may not reduce the antidumping duty applicable to a class or kind of merchandise from a [nonmarket economy country](/usc/19/1677.md?p=18-A) under this subsection by more than the portion of the countervailing duty rate attributable to a countervailable subsidy that is provided with respect to the class or kind of merchandise and that meets the conditions described in subparagraphs [(A)](#f-1-A), [(B)](#f-1-B), and [(C)](#f-1-C) of paragraph (1).

## Source credit

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title VII, § 777A, as added Pub. L. 98–573, title VI, § 620(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3039; amended Pub. L. 103–465, title II, §§ 229(a), 269(a), (b)(1), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4889, 4916; Pub. L. 112–99, § 2(a), Mar. 13, 2012, 126 Stat. 265.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### Amendments

2012—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 112–99 added subsec. (f).

1994—Pub. L. 103–465, § 269(b)(1), inserted “and countervailable subsidy rate” after “margin” in section catchline.

Pub. L. 103–465, § 269(a), added subsec. (e).

Pub. L. 103–465, § 229(a), amended section generally, substituting present provisions for provisions authorizing use of averaging or generally recognized sampling techniques for purposes of determining United States price or foreign market value and for purposes of annual reviews under section 1675 of this title, and providing for selection of samples and averages by administering authority.

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–99, § 2(b), Mar. 13, 2012, 126 Stat. 266, provided that: “Subsection (f) of section 777A of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1677f–1(f)], as added by subsection (a) of this section, applies to— all investigations and reviews initiated pursuant to title VII of that Act (19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.) on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Mar. 13, 2012]; and subject to subsection (c) of section 129 of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3538), all determinations issued under subsection (b)(2) of that section on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.”

### Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–465 effective, except as otherwise provided, on the date on which the WTO Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States (Jan. 1, 1995), and applicable with respect to investigations, reviews, and inquiries initiated and petitions filed under specified provisions of this chapter after such date, see section 291 of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as a note under section 1671 of this title.

### Effective Date

Section applicable with respect to investigations initiated by petition or by the administering authority under parts I and II of this subtitle, and to reviews begun under section 1675 of this title, on or after Oct. 30, 1984, see section 626(b)(1) of Pub. L. 98–573, as amended, set out as an Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note under section 1671 of this title.