---
kind: "section"
citation: "16 U.S.C. § 460ff–1"
title: "16"
title_heading: "Conservation"
number: "460ff–1"
heading: "Acquisition of land"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/16/460ff-1"
units:
  - "Chapter 1 — National Parks, Military Parks, Monuments, and Seashores"
  - "Subchapter XC — Cuyahoga Valley National Park"
---

# §460ff–1. Acquisition of land

- (a) **Composition and boundaries; boundary revisions; certain specific property—** The [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3) shall comprise the lands and waters generally depicted on the [map](/usc/16/430f–7.md?p=1) entitled “Boundary [Map](/usc/16/430f–7.md?p=1), Cuyahoga Valley National [Park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3), Ohio”, numbered 644–80,054 and dated July 1986, which shall be on file and available for inspection in the offices of the National [Park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3) Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, District of Columbia, and in the main public library of Akron, Ohio, and Cleveland, Ohio. After advising the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives, in writing, the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) may make minor revisions of the boundaries of the [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3) when necessary by publication of a revised drawing or other boundary description in the Federal Register: Provided, That with respect to the property known as the Hydraulic Brick Company located in Independence, Ohio, the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) shall have the first right of refusal to purchase such property for a purchase price not exceeding the fair market value of such property on the date it is offered for sale. When acquired such property shall be administered as part of the [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3), subject to the laws and regulations applicable thereto. The [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3) shall also comprise any lands designated as “City of Akron Lands” on the [map](/usc/16/430f–7.md?p=1) referred to in the first sentence which are offered as donations to the Department of the Interior or which become privately owned. The [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) shall revise such [map](/usc/16/430f–7.md?p=1) to depict such lands as part of the [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3).
- (b) **Manner of acquisition; scenic easements; donation of State lands; private lands essential to area; transfer of Federal property to Secretary—** Within the boundaries of the [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3), the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1), after consultation with the Governor of the [State](/usc/16/590q.md?p=a) of Ohio and the Advisory [Commission](/usc/16/544.md?p=c) established in [section 460ff–4](/usc/16/460ff–4.md)[^1] of this title, may [acquire](/usc/16/620e.md?p=1) lands, improvements, waters, or interests therein by donation, purchase with donated or appropriated funds, exchange, or transfer. The [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) may not [acquire](/usc/16/620e.md?p=1) fee title to any lands included within the [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3) in 1986 which are designated on the [map](/usc/16/430f–7.md?p=1) referred to in [subsection (a)](#a) as “Scenic Easement [Acquisition](/usc/16/620e.md?p=1) [Areas](/usc/16/539m–1.md?p=1-A)”. The [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) may [acquire](/usc/16/620e.md?p=1) only scenic easements in such designated lands. Unless consented to by the [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) from which the easement is acquired, any such scenic easement may not prohibit any activity, the [subdivision](/usc/16/539m–1.md?p=15) of any land, or the construction of any building or other facility if such activity, [subdivision](/usc/16/539m–1.md?p=15), or construction would have been permitted under laws and ordinances of the [unit](/usc/16/430f–7.md?p=4) of local government in which such land was located on April 1, 1986, as such laws and ordinances were in effect on such date. Any lands or interests owned therein, as well as any lands hereafter acquired, by the [State](/usc/16/590q.md?p=a) of Ohio or any political [subdivision](/usc/16/539m–1.md?p=15) thereof (including any [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3) district or other public entity) within the boundaries of the [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3) may be acquired only by donation or exchange for equal value. In determining the exchange value of lands of the [State](/usc/16/590q.md?p=a) or any political [subdivision](/usc/16/539m–1.md?p=15) thereof under this subsection, the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) shall not include in the value of those lands amounts paid from the land and water conservation fund, if any, for the original [acquisition](/usc/16/620e.md?p=1) of those lands by the [State](/usc/16/590q.md?p=a) or political [subdivision](/usc/16/539m–1.md?p=15). The [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) shall not [acquire](/usc/16/620e.md?p=1) privately owned lands which are held and used for public recreation uses unless he determines that such lands are essential to carry out the purposes of this subchapter. Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, any Federal property located within the boundaries of the [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3) may, with the concurrence of the agency having custody thereof, be transferred without transfer of funds to the administrative jurisdiction of the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) for the purposes of the [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3).
- (c) **Scenic easements or other interests in improved property; prerequisites to acquisition of fee title—** With respect to [improved properties](/usc/16/251h.md?p=2), as defined in this subchapter, the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) may [acquire](/usc/16/620e.md?p=1) scenic easements or such other interests as, in his judgment, are necessary for the purposes of the [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3). Fee title to such [improved properties](/usc/16/251h.md?p=2) shall not be acquired unless the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) finds that such lands are being used, or are threatened with uses, which are detrimental to the purposes of the [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3), or unless such [acquisition](/usc/16/620e.md?p=1) is necessary to fulfill the purposes of this subchapter.
- (d) **Acquired lands partly outside boundaries; exchange for non-Federal lands within boundaries; report to General Services Administration for disposal—** When any tract of land is only partly within the boundaries of the [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3), the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) may [acquire](/usc/16/620e.md?p=1) all or any portion of the land outside of such boundaries in order to minimize the payment of severance costs. Land so acquired outside of the boundaries may be exchanged by the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) for non-[Federal lands](/usc/16/620e.md?p=2) within the boundaries. Any portion of the land acquired outside the boundaries and not utilized for exchange shall be reported to the General Services Administration for disposal under chapters [1](/usc/40/chstI/ch1.md) to [11](/usc/40/chstI/ch11.md) of title 40 and division C (except sections [3302](/usc/16/3302.md), 3307(e), [3501(b)](/usc/16/3501.md?p=b), [3509](/usc/16/3509.md), 3906, 4710, and [4711](/usc/16/4711.md)) of subtitle I of [title 41](/usc/41.md): Provided, That no disposal shall be for less than the fair market value of the lands involved.
- (e) **“Improved property” defined; determination by Secretary—** For the purposes of this subchapter, the term “[improved property](/usc/16/251h.md?p=2)” means: (i) a detached single family dwelling, the construction of which was begun before January 1, 1975 (hereafter referred to as “dwelling”), together with so much of the land on which the dwelling is situated, the said land being in the same ownership as the dwelling, as the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) shall designate to be reasonably necessary for the enjoyment of the dwelling for the sole purpose of noncommercial residential use, together with any structures necessary to the dwelling which are situated on the land so designated, or (ii) property developed for agricultural uses, together with any structures accessory thereto which were so used on or before January 1, 1975. In determining when and to what extent a property is to be considered an “[improved property](/usc/16/251h.md?p=2)”, the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) shall [take](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) into consideration the manner of use of such buildings and lands prior to January 1, 1975, and shall designate such lands as are reasonably necessary for the continued enjoyment of the property in the same manner and to the same extent as existed prior to such date. In applying this subsection with respect to lands and interests therein added to the [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3) by action of the Ninety-fifth Congress, the date “January 1, 1978,” shall be substituted for the date “January 1, 1975,” in each place it appears.
- (f) **Retention by owner of right of use and occupancy for noncommercial residential or agricultural purposes; terms; payment of fair market value; termination by Secretary for use inconsistent with statutory purpose—** The [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) of an [improved property](/usc/16/251h.md?p=2), as defined in this subchapter, on the date of its [acquisition](/usc/16/620e.md?p=1), as a condition of such [acquisition](/usc/16/620e.md?p=1), may retain for himself, his heirs and assigns, a right of use and occupancy of the [improved property](/usc/16/251h.md?p=2) for noncommercial residential or agricultural purposes, as the case may be, for a definite term of not more than twenty-five years, or, in lieu thereof, for a term ending at the death of the [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) or the death of his spouse, whichever is later. The [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) shall elect the term to be reserved. Unless the property is wholly or partially donated, the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) shall pay to the [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) the fair market value of the property on the date of its [acquisition](/usc/16/620e.md?p=1), less the fair market value on that date of the right retained by the [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4). A right retained by the [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) pursuant to this section shall be subject to termination by the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) upon his determination that it is being exercised in a manner inconsistent with the purposes of this subchapter, and it shall terminate by operation of law upon notification by the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) to the holder of the right of such determination and tendering to him the amount equal to the fair market value of that portion which remains unexpired.
- (g) **Offers to sell by owners claiming undue hardship—** In exercising his authority to [acquire](/usc/16/620e.md?p=1) property under this subchapter, the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) shall give prompt and careful consideration to any offer made by an individual owning property within the [park](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-3) to sell such property, if such individual notifies the [Secretary](/usc/16/410r–5.md?p=c-1) that the continued ownership of such property is causing, or would result in, undue hardship.

## Footnotes

[^1]: See References in Text note below.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 93–555, § 2, Dec. 27, 1974, 88 Stat. 1784; Pub. L. 94–578, title III, § 323(a), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2742; Pub. L. 95–625, title III, § 315(a), (d), (f), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3483; Pub. L. 96–87, title IV, § 401(g), Oct. 12, 1979, 93 Stat. 666; Pub. L. 99–606, § 16, Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3468; Pub. L. 102–431, § 1, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2211; Pub. L. 103–437, § 6(a)(5), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4583; Pub. L. 106–291, title I, § 149(b), (c)(2), Oct. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 956.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### References in Text

Section 460ff–4 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original “section 5 of this Act” meaning section 5 of Pub. L. 93–555 which was repealed and section 6 was redesignated section 5 by Pub. L. 106–291, title I, § 149(d), Oct. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 956.

### Codification

In subsec. (d), “chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41” substituted for “the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended” on authority of Pub. L. 107–217, § 5(c), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, which Act enacted Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and Pub. L. 111–350, § 6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

### Amendments

2000—Pub. L. 106–291, § 149(c)(2), substituted “the park” for “the recreation area” wherever appearing and “The park” for “The recreation area” in subsec. (a).

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–291, § 149(b), substituted “The park shall” for “The recreational area shall” and “National Park” for “National Recreation Area”.

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–437 substituted “Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives” for “Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs of the United States Congress”.

1992—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–431 substituted “within the boundaries of the recreation area may be acquired only by donation or exchange for equal value. In determining the exchange value of lands of the State or any political subdivision thereof under this subsection, the Secretary shall not include in the value of those lands amounts paid from the land and water conservation fund, if any, for the original acquisition of those lands by the State or political subdivision” for “may be acquired only by donation”.

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–606, § 16(1), (2), substituted “numbered 644–80,054 and dated July 1986” for “numbered 655–90,001–A and dated May 1978” and inserted provisions relating to City of Akron Lands on the map referred to in first sentence offered as donations or privately owned, and revision of such map.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–606, § 16(3), inserted provisions prohibiting acquisition of fee title to any lands designated on the map referred to in subsection (a) as “Scenic Easement Acquisition Areas”, but acquisition of only scenic easement with no prohibition on activities unless consented to by owner, if such activity, etc. would have been permitted under laws of the local government on Apr. 1, 1986.

1979—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–87 substituted “numbered 655–90,001–A” for “numbered 90,001–A”.

1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–625, § 315(a), (f), substituted reference to Boundary Map “numbered 90,001–A, and dated May 1978” for “numbered 90,000–A, and dated September 1976” and inserted provision for land acquisition of the Hydraulic Brick Company and administration of the property as part of the recreation area.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–625, § 315(d), provided for substitution of date “January 1, 1978” for “January 1, 1975” wherever appearing in application of the subsec. to lands and interests therein added to the recreation area by action of the Ninety-fifth Congress.

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–578 substituted “ ‘Boundary Map, Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area, Ohio’, numbered 90,000–A, and dated September 1976” for “ ‘Boundary Map, Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area, Ohio’, numbered NRA–CUYA–20,000–A, and dated December 1974”.