---
kind: "section"
citation: "16 U.S.C. § 2408"
title: "16"
title_heading: "Conservation"
number: "2408"
heading: "Criminal offenses"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/16/2408"
units:
  - "Chapter 44 — Antarctic Conservation"
---

# §2408. Criminal offenses

- (a) **Offenses—** A [person](/usc/16/2402.md?p=14) is guilty of an offense if he willfully commits any act prohibited by [section 2403(a) of this title](/usc/16/2403.md?p=a).
- (b) **Punishment—** Any offense described in [subsection (a)](#a) is punishable by a fine of $10,000, or imprisonment for not more than one year, or both.
- (c) **Offenses under other laws—** A conviction under [subsection (a)](#a) for any act shall not be deemed to preclude a conviction for such act under any other law, including, but not limited to, the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 [[16 U.S.C. 1361](/usc/16/1361.md) et seq.], the Endangered Species Act of 1973 [[16 U.S.C. 1531](/usc/16/1531.md) et seq.], and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act [[16 U.S.C. 703](/usc/16/703.md) et seq.].

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 95–541, § 9, Oct. 28, 1978, 92 Stat. 2054.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### References in Text

The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 92–522, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 1027, which is classified generally to chapter 31 (§ 1361 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1361 of this title and Tables.

The Endangered Species Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 93–205, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 884, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§ 1531 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1531 of this title and Tables.

The Migratory Bird Treaty Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is act July 3, 1918, ch. 128, 40 Stat. 755, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 703 et seq.) of chapter 7 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 710 of this title and Tables.