---
kind: "section"
citation: "16 U.S.C. § 1387"
title: "16"
title_heading: "Conservation"
number: "1387"
heading: "Taking of marine mammals incidental to commercial fishing operations"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/16/1387"
units:
  - "Chapter 31 — Marine Mammal Protection"
  - "Subchapter II — Conservation and Protection of Marine Mammals"
---

# §1387. Taking of marine mammals incidental to commercial fishing operations

- (a) **In general—**
  - (1) Effective on April 30, 1994, and except as provided in [section 1383a of this title](/usc/16/1383a.md) and in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of this subsection, the provisions of this section shall govern the incidental [taking](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) in the course of commercial fishing operations by [persons](/usc/16/1362.md?p=10) using vessels of the [United States](/usc/16/1362.md?p=14) or vessels which have valid fishing permits issued by the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) in accordance with [section 1824(b) of this title](/usc/16/1824.md?p=b). In any event it shall be the immediate goal that the incidental mortality or serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) occurring in the course of commercial fishing operations be reduced to insignificant levels approaching a zero mortality and serious injury rate within 7 years after April 30, 1994.
  - (2) In the case of the incidental [taking](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) from species or [stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) designated under this chapter as [depleted](/usc/16/1362.md?p=1) on the basis of their listing as threatened species or endangered species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ([16 U.S.C. 1531](/usc/16/1531.md) et seq.), both this section and [section 1371(a)(5)(E) of this title](/usc/16/1371.md?p=a-5-E) shall apply.
  - (3) Sections[^1] [1374(h)](/usc/16/1374.md?p=h) of this title and subchapter IV, and not this section, shall govern the [taking](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) in the course of commercial purse seine fishing for yellowfin tuna in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
  - (4) This section shall not govern the incidental [taking](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) of California sea otters and shall not be deemed to amend or repeal the Act of November 7, 1986 (Public Law 99–625; 100 Stat. 3500).
  - (5) Except as provided in [section 1371(c) of this title](/usc/16/1371.md?p=c), the intentional lethal [take](/usc/16/1362.md?p=13) of any [marine mammal](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) in the course of commercial fishing operations is prohibited.
  - (6) Sections [1373](/usc/16/1373.md) and [1374](/usc/16/1374.md) of this title shall not apply to the incidental [taking](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) under the authority of this section.
- (b) **Zero mortality rate goal—**
  - (1) Commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) shall reduce incidental mortality and serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) to insignificant levels approaching a zero mortality and serious injury rate within 7 years after April 30, 1994.
  - (2) [Fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) which maintain insignificant serious injury and mortality levels approaching a zero rate shall not be required to further reduce their mortality and serious injury rates.
  - (3) Three years after April 30, 1994, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall review the progress of all commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16), by [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16), toward reducing incidental mortality and serious injury to insignificant levels approaching a zero rate. The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Merchant Marine and [Fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) of the House of Representatives a report setting forth the results of such review within 1 year after commencement of the review. The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall note any commercial [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) for which additional information is required to accurately assess the level of incidental mortality and serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) in the [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16).
  - (4) If the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) determines after review under [paragraph (3)](#b-3) that the rate of incidental mortality and serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) in a commercial [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) is not consistent with [paragraph (1)](#b-1), then the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall [take](/usc/16/1362.md?p=13) appropriate action under [subsection (f)](#f).
- (c) **Registration and authorization—**
  - (1) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall, within 90 days after April 30, 1994—
    - (A) publish in the Federal Register for public comment, for a period of not less than 90 days, any necessary changes to the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A)’s list of commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) published under [section 1383a(b)(1) of this title](/usc/16/1383a.md?p=b-1) and which is in existence on March 31, 1994 (along with an explanation of such changes and a statement describing the [marine mammal](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) [stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) interacting with, and the approximate number of vessels or [persons](/usc/16/1362.md?p=10) actively involved in, each such [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16)), with respect to commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) that have—
      - (i) frequent incidental mortality and serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6);
      - (ii) occasional incidental mortality and serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6); or
      - (iii) a remote likelihood of or no known incidental mortality or serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6);
    - (B) after the close of the period for such public comment, publish in the Federal Register a revised list of commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) and an update of information required by [subparagraph (A)](#c-1-A), together with a summary of the provisions of this section and information sufficient to advise vessel [owners](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) on how to obtain an authorization and otherwise comply with the requirements of this section; and
    - (C) at least once each year thereafter, and at such other times as the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) considers appropriate, reexamine, based on information gathered under this chapter and other relevant sources and after notice and opportunity for public comment, the classification of commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) and other determinations required under [subparagraph (A)](#c-1-A) and publish in the Federal Register any necessary changes.
  - (2)
    - (A) An authorization shall be granted by the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) in accordance with this section for a vessel engaged in a commercial [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) listed under paragraph [(1)(A)(i)](#c-1-A-i) or (ii), upon receipt by the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) of a completed registration form providing the name of the vessel [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) and operator, the name and description of the vessel, the [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) in which it will be engaged, the approximate time, duration, and location of such [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) operations, and the general type and nature of use of the fishing gear and techniques used. Such information shall be in a readily usable format that can be efficiently entered into and utilized by an automated or computerized data processing system. A decal or other physical evidence that the authorization is current and valid shall be issued by the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) at the time an authorization is granted, and so long as the authorization remains current and valid, shall be reissued annually thereafter.
    - (B) No authorization may be granted under this section to the [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) of a vessel unless such vessel—
      - (i) is a vessel of the [United States](/usc/16/1362.md?p=14); or
      - (ii) has a valid fishing permit issued by the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) in accordance with [section 1824(b) of this title](/usc/16/1824.md?p=b).
    - (C) Except as provided in [subsection (a)](#a), an authorization granted under this section shall allow the incidental [taking](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) of all species and [stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) to which this chapter applies.
  - (3)
    - (A) An [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) of a vessel engaged in any [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) listed under paragraph [(1)(A)(i)](#c-1-A-i) or (ii) shall, in order to engage in the lawful incidental [taking](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) in a commercial [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16)—
      - (i) have registered as required under [paragraph (2)](#c-2) with the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) in order to obtain for each such vessel owned and used in the [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) an authorization for the purpose of incidentally [taking](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) in accordance with this section, except that [owners](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) of vessels holding valid certificates of exemption under [section 1383a of this title](/usc/16/1383a.md) are deemed to have registered for purposes of this subsection for the period during which such exemption is valid;
      - (ii) ensure that a decal or such other physical evidence of a current and valid authorization as the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) may require is displayed on or is in the possession of the master of each such vessel;
      - (iii) report as required by [subsection (e)](#e); and
      - (iv) comply with any applicable [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) and emergency regulations issued under this section.
    - (B) Any [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) of a vessel receiving an authorization under this section for any [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) listed under paragraph [(1)(A)(i)](#c-1-A-i) or (ii) shall, as a condition of that authorization, [take](/usc/16/1362.md?p=13) on board an observer if requested to do so by the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A).
    - (C) An [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) of a vessel engaged in a [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) listed under paragraph [(1)(A)(i)](#c-1-A-i) or (ii) who—
      - (i) fails to obtain from the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) an authorization for such vessel under this section;
      - (ii) fails to maintain a current and valid authorization for such vessel; or
      - (iii) fails to ensure that a decal or other physical evidence of such authorization issued by the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) is displayed on or is in possession of the master of the vessel,

      and the master of any such vessel engaged in such [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16), shall be deemed to have violated this subchapter, and for [violations](/usc/16/620e.md?p=11) of clauses [(i)](#c-3-C-i) and [(ii)](#c-3-C-ii) shall be subject to the penalties of this subchapter, and for [violations](/usc/16/620e.md?p=11) of [clause (iii)](#c-3-C-iii) shall be subject to a fine of not more than $100 for each offense.

    - (D) If the [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) of a vessel has obtained and maintains a current and valid authorization from the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) under this section and meets the requirements set forth in this section, including compliance with any regulations to implement a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) under this section, the [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) of such vessel, and the master and crew members of the vessel, shall not be subject to the penalties set forth in this subchapter for the incidental [taking](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) while such vessel is engaged in a [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) to which the authorization applies.
    - (E) Each [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) of a vessel engaged in any [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) not listed under paragraph [(1)(A)(i)](#c-1-A-i) or (ii), and the master and crew members of such a vessel, shall not be subject to the penalties set forth in this subchapter for the incidental [taking](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) if such [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) reports to the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A), in the form and manner required under [subsection (e)](#e), instances of incidental mortality or injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) in the course of that [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16).
  - (4)
    - (A) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall suspend or revoke an authorization granted under this section and shall not issue a decal or other physical evidence of the authorization for any vessel until the [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) of such vessel complies with the reporting requirements under [subsection (e)](#e) and such requirements to [take](/usc/16/1362.md?p=13) on board an observer under [paragraph (3)(B)](#c-3-B) as are applicable to such vessel. Previous failure to comply with the requirements of [section 1383a of this title](/usc/16/1383a.md) shall not bar authorization under this section for an [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) who complies with the requirements of this section.
    - (B) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) may suspend or revoke an authorization granted under this subsection, and may not issue a decal or other physical evidence of the authorization for any vessel which fails to comply with a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) or emergency regulations issued under this section.
    - (C) The [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) and master of a vessel which fails to comply with a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) shall be subject to the penalties of sections [1375](/usc/16/1375.md) and [1377](/usc/16/1377.md) of this title, and may be subject to [section 1376 of this title](/usc/16/1376.md).
  - (5)
    - (A) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall develop, in consultation with the appropriate [States](/usc/16/544.md?p=r), affected [Regional Fishery Management Councils](/usc/16/1362.md?p=21), and other interested [persons](/usc/16/1362.md?p=10), the means by which the granting and administration of authorizations under this section shall be integrated and coordinated, to the maximum extent practicable, with existing [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) licenses, registrations, and related programs.
    - (B) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall utilize newspapers of general circulation, [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) trade associations, electronic media, and other means of advising commercial fishermen of the provisions of this section and the means by which they can comply with its requirements.
    - (C) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) is authorized to charge a fee for the granting of an authorization under this section. The level of fees charged under this subparagraph shall not exceed the administrative costs incurred in granting an authorization. Fees collected under this subparagraph shall be available to the Under [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere for expenses incurred in the granting and administration of authorizations under this section.
- (d) **Monitoring of incidental takes—**
  - (1) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall establish a program to monitor incidental mortality and serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) during the course of commercial fishing operations. The purposes of the monitoring program shall be to—
    - (A) obtain statistically reliable estimates of incidental mortality and serious injury;
    - (B) determine the reliability of reports of incidental mortality and serious injury under [subsection (e)](#e); and
    - (C) identify changes in fishing methods or technology that may increase or decrease incidental mortality and serious injury.
  - (2) Pursuant to [paragraph (1)](#d-1), the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) may place observers on board vessels as necessary, subject to the provisions of this section. Observers may, among other tasks—
    - (A) record incidental mortality and injury, or by catch of other nontarget species;
    - (B) record numbers of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) sighted; and
    - (C) perform other scientific investigations.
  - (3) In determining the distribution of observers among commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) and vessels within a [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16), the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall be guided by the following standards:
    - (A) The requirement to obtain statistically reliable information.
    - (B) The requirement that assignment of observers is fair and equitable among [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) and among vessels in a [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16).
    - (C) The requirement that no individual [person](/usc/16/1362.md?p=10) or vessel, or group of [persons](/usc/16/1362.md?p=10) or vessels, be subject to excessive or overly burdensome observer coverage.
    - (D) To the extent practicable, the need to minimize costs and avoid duplication.
  - (4) To the extent practicable, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall allocate observers among commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) in accordance with the following priority:
    - (A) The highest priority for allocation shall be for commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) that have incidental mortality or serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) from [stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) listed as endangered species or threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ([16 U.S.C. 1531](/usc/16/1531.md) et seq.).
    - (B) The second highest priority for allocation shall be for commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) that have incidental mortality and serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) from [strategic stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=19).
    - (C) The third highest priority for allocation shall be for commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) that have incidental mortality or serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) from [stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) for which the level of incidental mortality and serious injury is uncertain.
  - (5) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) may establish an alternative observer program to provide statistically reliable information on the species and number of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) incidentally taken in the course of commercial fishing operations. The alternative observer program may include direct observation of fishing activities from vessels, airplanes, or points on shore.
  - (6) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) is not required to place an observer on a vessel in a [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) if the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) finds that—
    - (A) in a situation in which harvesting vessels are delivering fish to a processing vessel and the catch is not taken on board the harvesting vessel, statistically reliable information can be obtained from an observer on board the processing vessel to which the fish are delivered;
    - (B) the facilities on a vessel for quartering of an observer, or for carrying out observer functions, are so inadequate or unsafe that the health or safety of the observer or the safe operation of the vessel would be jeopardized; or
    - (C) for reasons beyond the control of the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A), an observer is not available.
  - (7) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) may, with the consent of the vessel [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4), station an observer on board a vessel engaged in a [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) not listed under subsection [(c)(1)(A)(i)](#c-1-A-i) or (ii).
  - (8) Any proprietary information collected under this subsection shall be confidential and shall not be disclosed except—
    - (A) to Federal employees whose duties require access to such information;
    - (B) to [State](/usc/16/590q.md?p=a) or tribal employees pursuant to an agreement with the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) that prevents public disclosure of the identity or business of any [person](/usc/16/1362.md?p=10);
    - (C) when required by court order; or
    - (D) in the case of scientific information involving [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16), to employees of [Regional Fishery Management Councils](/usc/16/1362.md?p=21) who are responsible for [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) [management plan](/usc/16/544.md?p=k) development and monitoring.
  - (9) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall prescribe such procedures as may be necessary to [preserve](/usc/16/698u–1.md?p=2) such confidentiality, except that the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall release or make public upon request any such information in aggregate, summary, or other form which does not directly or indirectly disclose the identity or business of any [person](/usc/16/1362.md?p=10).
- (e) **Reporting requirement—** The [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) or operator of a commercial fishing vessel subject to this chapter shall report all incidental mortality and injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) in the course of commercial fishing operations to the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) by mail or other means acceptable to the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) within 48 hours after the end of each fishing trip on a standard postage-paid form to be developed by the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) under this section. Such form shall be capable of being readily entered into and usable by an automated or computerized data processing system and shall require the vessel [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) or operator to provide the following:
  - (1) The vessel name, and Federal, [State](/usc/16/590q.md?p=a), or tribal registration numbers of the registered vessel.
  - (2) The name and address of the vessel [owner](/usc/16/429b–3.md?p=4) or operator.
  - (3) The name and description of the [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16).
  - (4) The species of each [marine mammal](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) incidentally killed or injured, and the date, time, and approximate geographic location of such occurrence.
- (f) **Take reduction plans—**
  - (1) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall develop and implement a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) designed to assist in the recovery or prevent the [depletion](/usc/16/1362.md?p=1) of each [strategic stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=19) which interacts with a commercial [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) listed under subsection [(c)(1)(A)(i)](#c-1-A-i) or (ii), and may develop and implement such a plan for any other [marine mammal](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) [stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) which interact with a commercial [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) listed under [subsection (c)(1)(A)(i)](#c-1-A-i) which the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) determines, after notice and opportunity for public comment, has a high level of mortality and serious injury across a number of such [marine mammal](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) [stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11).
  - (2) The immediate goal of a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) for a [strategic stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=19) shall be to reduce, within 6 months of its implementation, the incidental mortality or serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) incidentally taken in the course of commercial fishing operations to levels less than the [potential biological removal level](/usc/16/1362.md?p=20) established for that [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) under [section 1386 of this title](/usc/16/1386.md). The long-term goal of the plan shall be to reduce, within 5 years of its implementation, the incidental mortality or serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) incidentally taken in the course of commercial fishing operations to insignificant levels approaching a zero mortality and serious injury rate, [taking](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) into account the economics of the [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16), the availability of existing technology, and existing [State](/usc/16/590q.md?p=a) or regional [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) [management plans](/usc/16/544.md?p=k).
  - (3) If there is insufficient funding available to develop and implement a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) for all such [stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) that interact with commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) listed under subsection [(c)(1)(A)(i)](#c-1-A-i) or (ii), the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall give highest priority to the development and implementation of [take reduction plans](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) for species or [stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) whose level of incidental mortality and serious injury exceeds the [potential biological removal level](/usc/16/1362.md?p=20), those that have a small population size, and those which are declining most rapidly.
  - (4) Each [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) shall include—
    - (A) a review of the information in the final [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment published under [section 1386(b) of this title](/usc/16/1386.md?p=b) and any substantial new information;
    - (B) an estimate of the total number and, if possible, age and gender, of animals from the [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) that are being incidentally lethally taken or seriously injured each year during the course of commercial fishing operations, by [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16);
    - (C) recommended regulatory or voluntary measures for the reduction of incidental mortality and serious injury;
    - (D) recommended dates for achieving the specific objectives of the plan.
  - (5)
    - (A) For any [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) in which incidental mortality and serious injury from commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) exceeds the [potential biological removal level](/usc/16/1362.md?p=20) established under [section 1386 of this title](/usc/16/1386.md), the plan shall include measures the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) expects will reduce, within 6 months of the plan’s implementation, such mortality and serious injury to a level below the [potential biological removal level](/usc/16/1362.md?p=20).
    - (B) For any [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) in which human-caused mortality and serious injury exceeds the [potential biological removal level](/usc/16/1362.md?p=20), other than a [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) to which [subparagraph (A)](#f-5-A) applies, the plan shall include measures the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) expects will reduce, to the maximum extent practicable within 6 months of the plan’s implementation, the incidental mortality and serious injury by such commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) from that [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11). For purposes of this subparagraph, the term “maximum extent practicable” means to the lowest level that is feasible for such [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) within the 6-month period.
  - (6)
    - (A) At the earliest possible time (not later than 30 days) after the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) issues a final [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment under [section 1386(b) of this title](/usc/16/1386.md?p=b) for a [strategic stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=19), the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall, and for [stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) that interact with a [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) listed under [subsection (c)(1)(A)(i)](#c-1-A-i) for which the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) has made a determination under [paragraph (1)](#f-1), the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) may—
      - (i) establish a [take reduction team](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) for such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) and appoint the members of such team in accordance with [subparagraph (C)](#f-6-C); and
      - (ii) publish in the Federal Register a notice of the team’s establishment, the names of the team’s appointed members, the full geographic range of such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11), and a list of all commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) that cause incidental mortality and serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) from such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11).
    - (B) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) may request a [take reduction team](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) to address a [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) that extends over one or more regions or [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16), or multiple [stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) within a region or [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16), if the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) determines that doing so would facilitate the development and implementation of plans required under this subsection.
    - (C) Members of [take reduction teams](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) shall have expertise regarding the [conservation](/usc/16/1362.md?p=2) or biology of the [marine mammal](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) species which the [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) will address, or the fishing practices which result in the incidental mortality and serious injury of such species. Members shall include representatives of Federal agencies, each coastal [State](/usc/16/590q.md?p=a) which has [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) which interact with the species or [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11), appropriate [Regional Fishery Management Councils](/usc/16/1362.md?p=21), interstate [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) [commissions](/usc/16/544.md?p=c), academic and scientific organizations, environmental groups, all commercial and recreational [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) groups and gear types which incidentally [take](/usc/16/1362.md?p=13) the species or [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11), [Alaska Native organizations](/usc/16/1362.md?p=23) or Indian tribal organizations, and others as the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) deems appropriate. [Take reduction teams](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) shall, to the maximum extent practicable, consist of an equitable balance among representatives of resource user interests and nonuser interests.
    - (D) [Take reduction teams](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) shall not be subject to chapter 10 of title 5. Meetings of [take reduction teams](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) shall be open to the public, and prior notice of meetings shall be made public in a timely fashion.
    - (E) Members of [take reduction teams](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) shall serve without compensation, but may be reimbursed by the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A), upon request, for reasonable travel costs and expenses incurred in performing their duties as members of the team.
  - (7) Where the human-caused mortality and serious injury from a [strategic stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=19) is estimated to be equal to or greater than the [potential biological removal level](/usc/16/1362.md?p=20) established under [section 1386 of this title](/usc/16/1386.md) for such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) and such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) interacts with a [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) listed under subsection [(c)(1)(A)(i)](#c-1-A-i) or (ii), the following procedures shall apply in the development of the [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) for the [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11):
    - (A)
      - (i) Not later than 6 months after the date of establishment of a [take reduction team](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) for the [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11), the team shall submit a draft [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) for such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) to the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A), consistent with the other provisions of this section.
      - (ii) Such draft [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) shall be developed by consensus. In the event consensus cannot be reached, the team shall advise the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) in writing on the range of possibilities considered by the team, and the views of both the majority and minority.
    - (B)
      - (i) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall [take](/usc/16/1362.md?p=13) the draft [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) into consideration and, not later than 60 days after the submission of the draft plan by the team, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall publish in the Federal Register the plan proposed by the team, any changes proposed by the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) with an explanation of the reasons therefor, and proposed regulations to implement such plan, for public review and comment during a period of not to exceed 90 days.
      - (ii) In the event that the [take reduction team](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) does not submit a draft plan to the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) within 6 months, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall, not later than 8 months after the establishment of the team, publish in the Federal Register a proposed [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) and implementing regulations, for public review and comment during a period of not to exceed 90 days.
    - (C) Not later than 60 days after the close of the comment period required under [subparagraph (B)](#f-7-B), the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall issue a final [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) and implementing regulations, consistent with the other provisions of this section.
    - (D) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall, during a period of 30 days after publication of a final [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24), utilize newspapers of general circulation, [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) trade associations, electronic media, and other means of advising commercial fishermen of the requirements of the plan and how to comply with them.
    - (E) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) and the [take reduction team](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) shall meet every 6 months, or at such other intervals as the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) determines are necessary, to monitor the implementation of the final [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) until such time that the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) determines that the objectives of such plan have been met.
    - (F) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall amend the [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) and implementing regulations as necessary to meet the requirements of this section, in accordance with the procedures in this section for the issuance of such plans and regulations.
  - (8) Where the human-caused mortality and serious injury from a [strategic stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=19) is estimated to be less than the [potential biological removal level](/usc/16/1362.md?p=20) established under [section 1386 of this title](/usc/16/1386.md) for such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) and such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) interacts with a [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) listed under subsection [(c)(1)(A)(i)](#c-1-A-i) or (ii), or for any [marine mammal](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) [stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) which interact with a commercial [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) listed under [subsection (c)(1)(A)(i)](#c-1-A-i) for which the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) has made a determination under [paragraph (1)](#f-1), the following procedures shall apply in the development of the [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) for such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11):
    - (A)
      - (i) Not later than 11 months after the date of establishment of a [take reduction team](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) for the [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11), the team shall submit a draft [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) for the [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) to the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A), consistent with the other provisions of this section.
      - (ii) Such draft [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) shall be developed by consensus. In the event consensus cannot be reached, the team shall advise the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) in writing on the range of possibilities considered by the team, and the views of both the majority and minority.
    - (B)
      - (i) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall [take](/usc/16/1362.md?p=13) the draft [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) into consideration and, not later than 60 days after the submission of the draft plan by the team, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall publish in the Federal Register the plan proposed by the team, any changes proposed by the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) with an explanation of the reasons therefor, and proposed regulations to implement such plan, for public review and comment during a period of not to exceed 90 days.
      - (ii) In the event that the [take reduction team](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) does not submit a draft plan to the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) within 11 months, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall, not later than 13 months after the establishment of the team, publish in the Federal Register a proposed [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) and implementing regulations, for public review and comment during a period of not to exceed 90 days.
    - (C) Not later than 60 days after the close of the comment period required under [subparagraph (B)](#f-8-B), the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall issue a final [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) and implementing regulations, consistent with the other provisions of this section.
    - (D) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall, during a period of 30 days after publication of a final [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24), utilize newspapers of general circulation, [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) trade associations, electronic media, and other means of advising commercial fishermen of the requirements of the plan and how to comply with them.
    - (E) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) and the [take reduction team](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) shall meet on an annual basis, or at such other intervals as the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) determines are necessary, to monitor the implementation of the final [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) until such time that the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) determines that the objectives of such plan have been met.
    - (F) The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall amend the [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) and implementing regulations as necessary to meet the requirements of this section, in accordance with the procedures in this section for the issuance of such plans and regulations.
  - (9) In implementing a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) developed pursuant to this subsection, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) may, where necessary to implement a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) to protect or restore a [marine mammal](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) or species covered by such plan, promulgate regulations which include, but are not limited to, measures to—
    - (A) establish [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16)-specific limits on incidental mortality and serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) in commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) or restrict commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) by time or [area](/usc/16/539m–1.md?p=1-A);
    - (B) require the use of alternative commercial fishing gear or techniques and new technologies, encourage the development of such gear or technology, or convene expert skippers’ panels;
    - (C) educate commercial fishermen, through workshops and other means, on the importance of reducing the incidental mortality and serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) in affected commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16); and
    - (D) monitor, in accordance with [subsection (d)](#d), the effectiveness of measures taken to reduce the level of incidental mortality and serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) in the course of commercial fishing operations.
  - (10)
    - (A) Notwithstanding [paragraph (6)](#f-6), in the case of any [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) to which [paragraph (1)](#f-1) applies for which a final [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment has not been published under [section 1386(b)(3) of this title](/usc/16/1386.md?p=b-3) by April 1, 1995, due to a proceeding under [section 1386(b)(2) of this title](/usc/16/1386.md?p=b-2), or any Federal court review of such proceeding, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall establish a [take reduction team](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) under [paragraph (6)](#f-6) for such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) as if a final [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment had been published.
    - (B) The draft [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment published for such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) under [section 1386(b)(1) of this title](/usc/16/1386.md?p=b-1) shall be deemed the final [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment for purposes of preparing and implementing a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) for such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) under this section.
    - (C) Upon publication of a final [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment for such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) under [section 1386(b)(3) of this title](/usc/16/1386.md?p=b-3) the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall immediately reconvene the [take reduction team](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) for such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) for the purpose of amending the [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24), and any regulations issued to implement such plan, if necessary, to reflect the final [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment or court action. Such amendments shall be made in accordance with paragraph [(7)(F)](#f-7-F) or [(8)(F)](#f-8-F), as appropriate.
    - (D) A draft [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment may only be used as the basis for a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) under this paragraph for a period of not to exceed two years, or until a final [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment is published, whichever is earlier. If, at the end of the two-year period, a final [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment has not been published, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall categorize such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) under [section 1386(a)(5)(A) of this title](/usc/16/1386.md?p=a-5-A) and shall revoke any regulations to implement a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) for such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11).
    - (E) [Subparagraph (D)](#f-10-D) shall not apply for any period beyond two years during which a final [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment for such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) has not been published due to review of a proceeding on such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment by a Federal court. Immediately upon final action by such court, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall proceed under [subparagraph (C)](#f-10-C).
  - (11) [Take reduction plans](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) developed under this section for a species or [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) listed as a threatened species or endangered species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ([16 U.S.C. 1531](/usc/16/1531.md) et seq.) shall be consistent with any recovery plan developed for such species or [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) under [section 4](/usc/16/4.md) of such Act [[16 U.S.C. 1533](/usc/16/1533.md)].
- (g) **Emergency regulations—**
  - (1) If the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) finds that the incidental mortality and serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) from commercial [fisheries](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) is having, or is likely to have, an immediate and significant adverse impact on a [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) or species, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall [take](/usc/16/1362.md?p=13) actions as follows:
    - (A) In the case of a [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) or species for which a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) is in effect, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall—
      - (i) prescribe emergency regulations that, consistent with such plan to the maximum extent practicable, reduce incidental mortality and serious injury in that [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16); and
      - (ii) approve and implement, on an expedited basis, any amendments to such plan that are recommended by the [take reduction team](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) to address such adverse impact.
    - (B) In the case of a [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) or species for which a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) is being developed, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall—
      - (i) prescribe emergency regulations to reduce such incidental mortality and serious injury in that [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16); and
      - (ii) approve and implement, on an expedited basis, such plan, which shall provide methods to address such adverse impact if still necessary.
    - (C) In the case of a [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) or species for which a [take reduction plan](/usc/16/1362.md?p=24) does not exist and is not being developed, or in the case of a commercial [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) listed under [subsection (c)(1)(A)(iii)](#c-1-A-iii) which the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) believes may be contributing to such adverse impact, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall—
      - (i) prescribe emergency regulations to reduce such incidental mortality and serious injury in that [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16), to the extent necessary to mitigate such adverse impact;
      - (ii) immediately review the [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) assessment for such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) or species and the classification of such commercial [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) under this section to determine if a [take reduction team](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) should be established; and
      - (iii) may, where necessary to address such adverse impact on a species or [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) listed as a threatened species or endangered species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ([16 U.S.C. 1531](/usc/16/1531.md) et seq.), place observers on vessels in a commercial [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) listed under [subsection (c)(1)(A)(iii)](#c-1-A-iii), if the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) has reason to believe such vessels may be causing the incidental mortality and serious injury to [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) from such [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11).
  - (2) Prior to [taking](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) action under paragraph [(1)(A)](#g-1-A), (B), or (C), the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall consult with the [Marine Mammal](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) [Commission](/usc/16/544.md?p=c), all appropriate [Regional Fishery Management Councils](/usc/16/1362.md?p=21), [State](/usc/16/590q.md?p=a) [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) managers, and the appropriate [take reduction team](/usc/16/1362.md?p=25) (if established).
  - (3) Emergency regulations prescribed under this subsection—
    - (A) shall be published in the Federal Register, together with an explanation thereof;
    - (B) shall remain in effect for not more than 180 days or until the end of the applicable commercial fishing season, whichever is earlier; and
    - (C) may be terminated by the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) at an earlier date by publication in the Federal Register of a notice of termination, if the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) determines that the reasons for emergency regulations no longer exist.
  - (4) If the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) finds that incidental mortality and serious injury of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) in a commercial [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) is continuing to have an immediate and significant adverse impact on a [stock](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) or species, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) may extend the emergency regulations for an additional period of not more than 90 days or until reasons for the emergency no longer exist, whichever is earlier.
- (h) **Penalties—** Except as provided in [subsection (c)](#c), any [person](/usc/16/1362.md?p=10) who violates this section shall be subject to the provisions of sections [1375](/usc/16/1375.md) and [1377](/usc/16/1377.md) of this title, and may be subject to [section 1376 of this title](/usc/16/1376.md) as the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall establish by regulations.
- (i) **Assistance—** The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall provide assistance to [Regional Fishery Management Councils](/usc/16/1362.md?p=21), [States](/usc/16/544.md?p=r), interstate [fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16) [commissions](/usc/16/544.md?p=c), and Indian tribal organizations in meeting the goal of reducing incidental mortality and serious injury to insignificant levels approaching a zero mortality and serious injury rate.
- (j) **Contributions—** For purposes of carrying out this section, the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) may accept, solicit, receive, hold, administer, and use gifts, devises, and bequests.
- (k) **Consultation with Secretary of the Interior—** The [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) shall consult with the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) of the Interior prior to [taking](/usc/16/3102.md?p=18) actions or making determinations under this section that affect or relate to species or [population stocks](/usc/16/1362.md?p=11) of [marine mammals](/usc/16/1362.md?p=6) for which the [Secretary](/usc/16/1362.md?p=12-A) of the Interior is responsible under this subchapter.
- (l) **Definitions—** As used in this section and [section 1371(a)(5)(E) of this title](/usc/16/1371.md?p=a-5-E), each of the terms “[fishery](/usc/16/1362.md?p=16)” and “vessel of the [United States](/usc/16/1362.md?p=14)” has the same meaning it does in [section 1802 of this title](/usc/16/1802.md).

## Footnotes

[^1]: So in original. Probably should be “Section”.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 92–522, title I, § 118, as added Pub. L. 103–238, § 11, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 546; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title II, § 211(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–41; Pub. L. 117–286, § 4(a)(109), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4317.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### References in Text

The Endangered Species Act of 1973, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2), (d)(4)(A), (f)(11), and (g)(1)(C)(iii), is Pub. L. 93–205, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 884, which is classified principally to chapter 35 (§ 1531 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1531 of this title and Tables.

Act of November 7, 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), is Pub. L. 99–625, Nov. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 3500, which amended section 718b of this title and provisions set out as a table of National Wildlife Refuges under section 668dd of this title and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 1536 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

### Amendments

2022—Subsec. (f)(6)(D). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted “chapter 10 of title 5.” for “the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 App. U.S.C.).”

1996—Subsecs. (a)(1), (c)(2)(B)(ii), (l). Pub. L. 104–208 made technical amendment to references in original act which appear in text as references to sections 1802 and 1824(b) of this title.

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title II, § 211(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–41, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective 15 days after Oct. 11, 1996.

### Abolition of House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries

Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of House of Representatives abolished and its jurisdiction transferred by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Jan. 4, 1995. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Resources of House of Representatives in case of provisions relating to fisheries, wildlife, international fishing agreements, marine affairs (including coastal zone management) except for measures relating to oil and other pollution of navigable waters, or oceanography by section 1(b)(3) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress. Committee on Resources of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Natural Resources of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.

### North Atlantic Right Whales and Regulations

Pub. L. 117–328, div. JJ, title I, § 101, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 6089, provided that: In General.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law except as provided in subsection (b), for the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022] and ending on December 31, 2028, the Final Rule amending the regulations implementing the Atlantic Large Whale Take Reduction Plan (86 Fed. Reg. 51970) shall be deemed sufficient to ensure that the continued Federal and State authorizations of the American lobster and Jonah crab fisheries are in full compliance with the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) and the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). The National Marine Fisheries Service shall— throughout the period described in the preceding sentence, in consultation with affected States and fishing industry participants, promote the innovation and adoption of gear technologies in the fisheries described in the preceding sentence, in order to implement additional whale protection measures by December 31, 2028; promulgate new regulations for the American lobster and Jonah crab fisheries consistent with the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) and the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) that take effect by December 31, 2028, utilizing existing and innovative gear technologies, as appropriate; and in consultation with affected States, submit an annual report to Congress on the status of North Atlantic Right Whales, the actions taken and plans to implement measures expected to not exceed Potential Biological Removal by December 31, 2028, the amount of serious injury and mortality by fishery and country, and the proportion of the American lobster and Jonah crab fisheries that have transitioned to innovative gear technologies that reduce harm to the North Atlantic Right Whale. Exception.—The provisions of subsection (a) shall not apply to an existing emergency rule, or any action taken to extend or make final an emergency rule that is in place on the date of enactment of this Act, affecting lobster and Jonah crab.”