---
kind: "section"
citation: "15 U.S.C. § 9202"
title: "15"
title_heading: "Commerce and Trade"
number: "9202"
heading: "NSF support of research on manipulated or synthesized content and information security"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/15/9202"
units:
  - "Chapter 117 — Identifying Outputs of Generative Adversarial Networks"
---

# §9202. NSF support of research on manipulated or synthesized content and information security


The Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with other relevant Federal agencies, shall support merit-reviewed and competitively awarded research on manipulated or synthesized content and information authenticity, which may include—

- (1) fundamental research on digital forensic tools or other technologies for verifying the authenticity of information and detection of manipulated or synthesized content, including content generated by generative adversarial networks;
- (2) fundamental research on technical tools for identifying manipulated or synthesized content, such as watermarking systems for generated media;
- (3) social and behavioral research related to manipulated or synthesized content, including human engagement with the content;
- (4) research on public understanding and awareness of manipulated and synthesized content, including research on best practices for educating the public to discern authenticity of digital content; and
- (5) research awards coordinated with other federal agencies and programs, including the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Agency,[^1] with coordination enabled by the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program.

## Footnotes

[^1]: So in original. Probably should be “Activity,”.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 116–258, § 3, Dec. 23, 2020, 134 Stat. 1151.)