---
kind: "section"
citation: "15 U.S.C. § 3416"
title: "15"
title_heading: "Commerce and Trade"
number: "3416"
heading: "Judicial review"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/15/3416"
units:
  - "Chapter 60 — Natural Gas Policy"
  - "Subchapter V — Administration, Enforcement, and Review"
---

# §3416. Judicial review

- (a) **Orders—**
  - (1) **In general—** The provisions of this subsection shall apply to judicial review of any order, within the meaning of [section 551(6) of title 5](/usc/5/551.md?p=6) (other than an order assessing a civil penalty under [section 3414(b)(4) of this title](/usc/15/3414.md?p=b-4) or any order under [section 3362 of this title](/usc/15/3362.md) or any order under [section 3363 of this title](/usc/15/3363.md)), issued under this chapter and to any final agency action under this chapter required to be made on the record after an opportunity for an agency hearing.
  - (2) **Rehearing—** Any [person](/usc/15/3301.md?p=26) aggrieved by any order issued by the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) in a proceeding under this chapter to which such [person](/usc/15/3301.md?p=26) is a party may apply for a rehearing within 30 days after the issuance of such order. Any application for rehearing shall set forth the specific ground upon which such application is based. Upon the filing of such application, the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) may grant or deny the requested rehearing or modify the original order without further hearing. Unless the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) acts upon such application for rehearing within 30 days after it is filed, such application shall be deemed to have been denied. No [person](/usc/15/3301.md?p=26) may bring an action under this section to obtain judicial review of any order of the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) unless—
    - (A) such [person](/usc/15/3301.md?p=26) shall have made application to the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) for rehearing under this subsection; and
    - (B) the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) shall have finally acted with respect to such application.

    For purposes of this section, if the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) fails to act within 30 days after the filing of such application, such failure to act shall be deemed final agency action with respect to such application.

  - (3) **Authority to modify orders—** At any time before the filing of the record of a proceeding in a [United States](/usc/15/3301.md?p=33) Court of Appeals, pursuant to [paragraph (4)](#a-4), the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) may, after providing notice it determines reasonable and proper, modify or set aside, in whole or in part, any order issued under the provisions of this chapter.
  - (4) **Judicial review—** Any [person](/usc/15/3301.md?p=26) who is a party to a proceeding under this chapter aggrieved by any final order issued by the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) in such proceeding may obtain review of such order in the [United States](/usc/15/3301.md?p=33) Court of Appeals for any circuit in which the party to which such order relates is located or has its principal place of business, or in the [United States](/usc/15/3301.md?p=33) Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia circuit. Review shall be obtained by filing a written petition, requesting that such order be modified or set aside in whole or in part, in such Court of Appeals within 60 days after the final action of the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) on the application for rehearing required under [paragraph (2)](#a-2). A copy of such petition shall forthwith be transmitted by the clerk of such court to any member of the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) and thereupon the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) shall file with the court the record upon which the order complained of was entered, as provided in [section 2112 of title 28](/usc/28/2112.md). Upon the filing of such petition such court shall have jurisdiction, which upon the filing of the record with it shall be exclusive, to affirm, modify, or set aside such order in whole or in part. No objection to such order of the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) shall be considered by the court if such objection was not urged before the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) in the application for rehearing unless there was reasonable ground for the failure to do so. The finding of the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) as to the facts, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive. If any party shall apply to the court for leave to adduce additional evidence, and shall show to the satisfaction of the court that such additional evidence is material and that there were reasonable grounds for failure to adduce such evidence in the proceedings before the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24), the court may order such additional evidence to be taken before the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) and to be adduced upon the hearing in such manner and upon such terms and conditions as the court deems proper. The [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) may modify its findings as to the facts by reason of the additional evidence so taken, and shall file with the court such modified or new findings, which if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive. The [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24) shall also file with the court its recommendation, if any, for the modification or setting aside of the original order. The judgment and decree of the court, affirming, modifying, or setting aside, in whole or in part, any such order of the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24), shall be final subject to review by the Supreme Court of the [United States](/usc/15/3301.md?p=33) upon certiorari or certification as provided in [section 1254 of title 28](/usc/28/1254.md).
  - (5) **Orders remain effective—** The filing of an application for rehearing under [paragraph (2)](#a-2) shall not, unless specifically ordered by the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24), operate as a stay of the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24)’s order. The commencement of proceedings under [paragraph (4)](#a-4) shall not, unless specifically ordered by the court, operate as a stay of the [Commission](/usc/15/3301.md?p=24)’s order.
- (b) **Review of rules and orders—** Except as provided in subsections [(a)](#a) and [(c)](#c), judicial review of any rule or order, within the meaning of [section 551(4) of title 5](/usc/5/551.md?p=4), issued under this chapter may be obtained in the [United States](/usc/15/3301.md?p=33) Court of Appeals for any appropriate circuit pursuant to the provisions of [chapter 7](/usc/5/chptI/ch7.md) of title 5, except that the second sentence of [section 705](/usc/5/705.md) thereof shall not apply.
- (c) **Judicial review of emergency orders—** Except with respect to enforcement of orders or subpenas under [section 3364(a) of this title](/usc/15/3364.md?p=a), the [United States](/usc/15/3301.md?p=33) Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit shall have exclusive original jurisdiction to review all civil cases and controversies under section [3361](/usc/15/3361.md), [3362](/usc/15/3362.md) or [3363](/usc/15/3363.md) of this title, including any order issued, or other action taken, under such section. The [United States](/usc/15/3301.md?p=33) Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit shall have exclusive jurisdiction of all appeals from the district courts of the [United States](/usc/15/3301.md?p=33) in cases and controversies arising under [section 3364(a)(2) of this title](/usc/15/3364.md?p=a-2); such appeals shall be taken by the filing of a notice of appeal with the [United States](/usc/15/3301.md?p=33) Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit within thirty days after the entry of judgment by the district court. Prior to a final judgment, no court shall have jurisdiction to grant any injunctive relief to stay or defer the implementation of any order issued, or action taken, under section [3361](/usc/15/3361.md), [3362](/usc/15/3362.md), or [3363](/usc/15/3363.md) of this title.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 95–621, title V, § 506, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3404; Pub. L. 101–60, § 3(a)(5), July 26, 1989, 103 Stat. 158; Pub. L. 102–572, title I, § 102(b), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4506.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### Amendments

1992—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–572 substituted “the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit” for “the Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals, established pursuant to section 211(b) of the Economic Stabilization Act of 1970, as amended,” before “shall have exclusive original jurisdiction” and substituted “United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit” for “Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals” in two places.

1989—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–60 struck out subsec. (d) which related to judicial review of certain incremental pricing determinations.

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Jan. 1, 1993, see section 1101 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 905 of Title 2, The Congress.