---
kind: "section"
citation: "15 U.S.C. § 1681i"
title: "15"
title_heading: "Commerce and Trade"
number: "1681i"
heading: "Procedure in case of disputed accuracy"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/15/1681i"
units:
  - "Chapter 41 — Consumer Credit Protection"
  - "Subchapter III — Credit Reporting Agencies"
---

# §1681i. Procedure in case of disputed accuracy

- (a) **Reinvestigations of disputed information—**
  - (1) **Reinvestigation required—**
    - (A) **In general—** Subject to [subsection (f)](#f) and except as provided in [subsection (g)](#g), if the completeness or accuracy of any item of information contained in a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c)’s file at a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) is disputed by the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) and the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) notifies the agency directly, or indirectly through a [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u), of such dispute, the agency shall, free of charge, conduct a reasonable reinvestigation to determine whether the disputed information is inaccurate and record the current status of the disputed information, or delete the item from the file in accordance with [paragraph (5)](#a-5), before the end of the 30-day period beginning on the date on which the agency receives the notice of the dispute from the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) or [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u).
    - (B) **Extension of period to reinvestigate—** Except as provided in [subparagraph (C)](#a-1-C), the 30-day period described in [subparagraph (A)](#a-1-A) may be extended for not more than 15 additional days if the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) receives information from the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) during that 30-day period that is relevant to the reinvestigation.
    - (C) **Limitations on extension of period to reinvestigate—** [Subparagraph (B)](#a-1-B) shall not apply to any reinvestigation in which, during the 30-day period described in [subparagraph (A)](#a-1-A), the information that is the subject of the reinvestigation is found to be inaccurate or incomplete or the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) determines that the information cannot be verified.
  - (2) **Prompt notice of dispute to furnisher of information—**
    - (A) **In general—** Before the expiration of the 5-business-day period beginning on the date on which a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) receives notice of a dispute from any [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) or a [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u) in accordance with [paragraph (1)](#a-1), the agency shall provide notification of the dispute to any [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) who provided any item of information in dispute, at the address and in the manner established with the [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e). The notice shall include all relevant information regarding the dispute that the agency has received from the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) or [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u).
    - (B) **Provision of other information—** The [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall promptly provide to the [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) who provided the information in dispute all relevant information regarding the dispute that is received by the agency from the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) or the [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u) after the period referred to in [subparagraph (A)](#a-2-A) and before the end of the period referred to in [paragraph (1)(A)](#a-1-A).
  - (3) **Determination that dispute is frivolous or irrelevant—**
    - (A) **In general—** Notwithstanding [paragraph (1)](#a-1), a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) may terminate a reinvestigation of information disputed by a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) under that paragraph if the agency reasonably determines that the dispute by the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) is frivolous or irrelevant, including by reason of a failure by a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) to provide sufficient information to investigate the disputed information.
    - (B) **Notice of determination—** Upon making any determination in accordance with [subparagraph (A)](#a-3-A) that a dispute is frivolous or irrelevant, a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall notify the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) of such determination not later than 5 business days after making such determination, by mail or, if authorized by the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) for that purpose, by any other means available to the agency.
    - (C) **Contents of notice—** A notice under [subparagraph (B)](#a-3-B) shall include—
      - (i) the reasons for the determination under [subparagraph (A)](#a-3-A); and
      - (ii) identification of any information required to investigate the disputed information, which may consist of a standardized form describing the general nature of such information.
  - (4) **Consideration of consumer information—** In conducting any reinvestigation under [paragraph (1)](#a-1) with respect to disputed information in the file of any [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall review and consider all relevant information submitted by the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) in the period described in [paragraph (1)(A)](#a-1-A) with respect to such disputed information.
  - (5) **Treatment of inaccurate or unverifiable information—**
    - (A) **In general—** If, after any reinvestigation under [paragraph (1)](#a-1) of any information disputed by a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), an item of the information is found to be inaccurate or incomplete or cannot be verified, the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall—
      - (i) promptly delete that item of information from the file of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), or modify that item of information, as appropriate, based on the results of the reinvestigation; and
      - (ii) promptly notify the furnisher of that information that the information has been modified or deleted from the file of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c).
    - (B) **Requirements relating to reinsertion of previously deleted material—**
      - (i) **Certification of accuracy of information—** If any information is deleted from a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c)’s file pursuant to [subparagraph (A)](#a-5-A), the information may not be reinserted in the file by the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) unless the [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) who furnishes the information certifies that the information is complete and accurate.
      - (ii) **Notice to consumer—** If any information that has been deleted from a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c)’s file pursuant to [subparagraph (A)](#a-5-A) is reinserted in the file, the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall notify the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) of the reinsertion in writing not later than 5 business days after the reinsertion or, if authorized by the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) for that purpose, by any other means available to the agency.
      - (iii) **Additional information—** As part of, or in addition to, the notice under [clause (ii)](#a-5-B-ii), a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall provide to a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) in writing not later than 5 business days after the date of the reinsertion—
        - (I) a statement that the disputed information has been reinserted;
        - (II) the business name and address of any furnisher of information contacted and the telephone number of such furnisher, if reasonably available, or of any furnisher of information that contacted the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f), in connection with the reinsertion of such information; and
        - (III) a notice that the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) has the right to add a statement to the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c)’s file disputing the accuracy or completeness of the disputed information.
    - (C) **Procedures to prevent reappearance—** A [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall maintain reasonable procedures designed to prevent the reappearance in a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c)’s file, and in [consumer reports](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) on the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), of information that is deleted pursuant to this paragraph (other than information that is reinserted in accordance with [subparagraph (B)(i)](#a-5-B-i)).
    - (D) **Automated reinvestigation system—** Any [consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on consumers on a nationwide basis](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=p) shall implement an automated system through which furnishers of information to that [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) may report the results of a reinvestigation that finds incomplete or inaccurate information in a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c)’s file to other such [consumer reporting agencies](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f).
  - (6) **Notice of results of reinvestigation—**
    - (A) **In general—** A [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall provide written notice to a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) of the results of a reinvestigation under this subsection not later than 5 business days after the completion of the reinvestigation, by mail or, if authorized by the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) for that purpose, by other means available to the agency.
    - (B) **Contents—** As part of, or in addition to, the notice under [subparagraph (A)](#a-6-A), a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall provide to a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) in writing before the expiration of the 5-day period referred to in [subparagraph (A)](#a-6-A)—
      - (i) a statement that the reinvestigation is completed;
      - (ii) a [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) that is based upon the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c)’s file as that file is revised as a result of the reinvestigation;
      - (iii) a notice that, if requested by the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), a description of the procedure used to determine the accuracy and completeness of the information shall be provided to the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) by the agency, including the business name and address of any furnisher of information contacted in connection with such information and the telephone number of such furnisher, if reasonably available;
      - (iv) a notice that the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) has the right to add a statement to the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c)’s file disputing the accuracy or completeness of the information; and
      - (v) a notice that the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) has the right to request under [subsection (d)](#d) that the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) furnish notifications under that subsection.
  - (7) **Description of reinvestigation procedure—** A [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall provide to a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) a description referred to in [paragraph (6)(B)(iii)](#a-6-B-iii) by not later than 15 days after receiving a request from the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) for that description.
  - (8) **Expedited dispute resolution—** If a dispute regarding an item of information in a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c)’s file at a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) is resolved in accordance with [paragraph (5)(A)](#a-5-A) by the deletion of the disputed information by not later than 3 business days after the date on which the agency receives notice of the dispute from the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) in accordance with [paragraph (1)(A)](#a-1-A), then the agency shall not be required to comply with paragraphs [(2)](#a-2), [(6)](#a-6), and [(7)](#a-7) with respect to that dispute if the agency—
    - (A) provides prompt notice of the deletion to the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) by telephone;
    - (B) includes in that notice, or in a written notice that accompanies a confirmation and [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) provided in accordance with [subparagraph (C)](#a-8-C), a statement of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c)’s right to request under [subsection (d)](#d) that the agency furnish notifications under that subsection; and
    - (C) provides written confirmation of the deletion and a copy of a [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) on the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) that is based on the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c)’s file after the deletion, not later than 5 business days after making the deletion.
- (b) **Statement of dispute—** If the reinvestigation does not resolve the dispute, the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) may file a brief statement setting forth the nature of the dispute. The [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) may limit such statements to not more than one hundred words if it provides the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) with assistance in writing a clear summary of the dispute.
- (c) **Notification of consumer dispute in subsequent consumer reports—** Whenever a statement of a dispute is filed, unless there is reasonable grounds to believe that it is frivolous or irrelevant, the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall, in any subsequent [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) containing the information in question, clearly note that it is disputed by the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) and provide either the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c)’s statement or a clear and accurate codification or summary thereof.
- (d) **Notification of deletion of disputed information—** Following any deletion of information which is found to be inaccurate or whose accuracy can no longer be verified or any notation as to disputed information, the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall, at the request of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), furnish notification that the item has been deleted or the statement, codification or summary pursuant to subsection [(b)](#b) or [(c)](#c) to any [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) specifically designated by the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) who has within two years prior thereto received a [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) for [employment purposes](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=h), or within six months prior thereto received a [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) for any other purpose, which contained the deleted or disputed information.
- (e) **Treatment of complaints and report to Congress—**
  - (1) **In general—** The [Commission](/usc/15/1602.md?p=dd-1)[^1] shall—
    - (A) compile all complaints that it receives that a file of a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) that is maintained by a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) described in [section 1681a(p) of this title](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=p) contains incomplete or inaccurate information, with respect to which, the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) appears to have disputed the completeness or accuracy with the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) or otherwise utilized the procedures provided by [subsection (a)](#a); and
    - (B) transmit each such complaint to each [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) involved.
  - (2) **Exclusion—** Complaints received or obtained by the [Bureau](/usc/15/1602.md?p=b) pursuant to its investigative authority under the [Consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) Financial Protection Act of 2010 shall not be subject to [paragraph (1)](#e-1).
  - (3) **Agency responsibilities—** Each [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) described in [section 1681a(p) of this title](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=p) that receives a complaint transmitted by the [Bureau](/usc/15/1602.md?p=b) pursuant to [paragraph (1)](#e-1) shall—
    - (A) review each such complaint to determine whether all legal obligations imposed on the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) under this subchapter (including any obligation imposed by an applicable court or administrative order) have been met with respect to the subject matter of the complaint;
    - (B) provide reports on a regular basis to the [Bureau](/usc/15/1602.md?p=b) regarding the determinations of and actions taken by the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f), if any, in connection with its review of such complaints; and
    - (C) maintain, for a reasonable time period, records regarding the disposition of each such complaint that is sufficient to demonstrate compliance with this subsection.
  - (4) **Rulemaking authority—** The [Commission](/usc/15/1602.md?p=dd-1)[^1] may prescribe regulations, as appropriate to implement this subsection.
  - (5) **Annual report—** The [Commission](/usc/15/1602.md?p=dd-1)[^1] shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives an annual report regarding information gathered by the [Bureau](/usc/15/1602.md?p=b) under this subsection.
- (f) **Reinvestigation requirement applicable to resellers—**
  - (1) **Exemption from general reinvestigation requirement—** Except as provided in [paragraph (2)](#f-2), a [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u) shall be exempt from the requirements of this section.
  - (2) **Action required upon receiving notice of a dispute—** If a [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u) receives a notice from a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) of a dispute concerning the completeness or accuracy of any item of information contained in a [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) on such [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) produced by the [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u), the [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u) shall, within 5 business days of receiving the notice, and free of charge—
    - (A) determine whether the item of information is incomplete or inaccurate as a result of an act or omission of the [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u); and
    - (B) if—
      - (i) the [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u) determines that the item of information is incomplete or inaccurate as a result of an act or omission of the [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u), not later than 20 days after receiving the notice, correct the information in the [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) or delete it; or
      - (ii) if the [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u) determines that the item of information is not incomplete or inaccurate as a result of an act or omission of the [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u), convey the notice of the dispute, together with all relevant information provided by the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), to each [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) that provided the [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u) with the information that is the subject of the dispute, using an address or a notification mechanism specified by the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) for such notices.
  - (3) **Responsibility of consumer reporting agency to notify consumer through reseller—** Upon the completion of a reinvestigation under this section of a dispute concerning the completeness or accuracy of any information in the file of a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) by a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) that received notice of the dispute from a [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u) under [paragraph (2)](#f-2)—
    - (A) the notice by the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) under paragraph [(6)](#a-6), [(7)](#a-7), or [(8)](#a-8) of subsection (a) shall be provided to the [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u) in lieu of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c); and
    - (B) the [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u) shall immediately reconvey such notice to the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), including any notice of a deletion by telephone in the manner required under paragraph (8)(A).
  - (4) **Reseller reinvestigations—** No provision of this subsection shall be construed as prohibiting a [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u) from conducting a reinvestigation of a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) dispute directly.
- (g) **Dispute process for veteran’s medical debt—**
  - (1) **In general—** With respect to a [veteran](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=z)’s medical debt, the [veteran](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=z) may submit a notice described in [paragraph (2)](#g-2), proof of liability of the Department of Veterans Affairs for payment of that debt, or documentation that the Department of Veterans Affairs is in the process of making payment for authorized hospital care, medical services, or extended care services rendered to a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) or a [reseller](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=u) to dispute the inclusion of that debt on a [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) of the [veteran](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=z).
  - (2) **Notification to veteran—** The Department of Veterans Affairs shall submit to a [veteran](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=z) a notice that the Department of Veterans Affairs has assumed liability for part or all of a [veteran](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=z)’s medical debt.
  - (3) **Deletion of information from file—** If a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) receives notice, proof of liability, or documentation under [paragraph (1)](#g-1), the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall delete all information relating to the [veteran](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=z)’s medical debt from the file of the [veteran](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=z) and notify the furnisher and the [veteran](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=z) of that deletion.

## Footnotes

[^1]: So in original. Probably should be “Bureau”.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 90–321, title VI, § 611, as added Pub. L. 91–508, title VI, § 601, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1132; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, § 2409, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–439; Pub. L. 105–347, § 6(5), Nov. 2, 1998, 112 Stat. 3211; Pub. L. 108–159, title III, §§ 313(a), 314(a), 316, 317, Dec. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 1994–1996, 1998; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1088(a)(2)(C), (6), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2087; Pub. L. 115–174, title III, § 302(b)(3), May 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 1333.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### References in Text

The Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), is title X of Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1955, which enacted subchapter V (§ 5481 et seq.) of chapter 53 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and enacted and amended numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 12 and Tables.

### Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 115–174, § 302(b)(3)(A), inserted “and except as provided in subsection (g)” after “subsection (f)”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 115–174, § 302(b)(3)(B), added subsec. (g).

2010—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(6), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “Complaints received or obtained by the Commission pursuant to its investigative authority under the Federal Trade Commission Act shall not be subject to paragraph (1).”

Subsec. (e)(3), (5). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1088(a)(2)(C), substituted “the Bureau” for “the Commission” wherever appearing.

2003—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 108–159, § 317, substituted “shall, free of charge, conduct a reasonable reinvestigation to determine whether the disputed information is inaccurate” for “shall reinvestigate free of charge”.

Pub. L. 108–159, § 316(a)(1), substituted “Subject to subsection (f), if the completeness” for “If the completeness” and inserted “, or indirectly through a reseller,” after “notifies the agency directly” and “or reseller” before period at end.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–159, § 316(a)(2), inserted “or a reseller” after “dispute from any consumer” and “or reseller” before period at end.

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 108–159, § 316(c), struck out “from consumer” after “information” in heading.

Pub. L. 108–159, § 316(a)(3), inserted “or the reseller” after “from the consumer”.

Subsec. (a)(5)(A). Pub. L. 108–159, § 314(a), substituted “shall—” and cls. (i) and (ii) for “shall promptly delete that item of information from the consumer’s file or modify that item of information, as appropriate, based on the results of the reinvestigation.”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 108–159, § 313(a), added subsec. (e).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 108–159, § 316(b), added subsec. (f).

1998—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 105–347 substituted “(6)(B)(iii)” for “(6)(B)(iv)”.

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–208, § 2409(a), inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “If the completeness or accuracy of any item of information contained in his file is disputed by a consumer, and such dispute is directly conveyed to the consumer reporting agency by the consumer, the consumer reporting agency shall within a reasonable period of time reinvestigate and record the current status of that information unless it has reasonable grounds to believe that the dispute by the consumer is frivolous or irrelevant. If after such reinvestigation such information is found to be inaccurate or can no longer be verified, the consumer reporting agency shall promptly delete such information. The presence of contradictory information in the consumer’s file does not in and of itself constitute reasonable grounds for believing the dispute is frivolous or irrelevant.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–208, § 2409(b), struck out at end “The consumer reporting agency shall clearly and conspicuously disclose to the consumer his rights to make such a request. Such disclosure shall be made at or prior to the time the information is deleted or the consumer’s statement regarding the disputed information is received.”

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–174 effective 1 year after May 24, 2018, see section 302(e) of Pub. L. 115–174, set out as a note under section 1681a of this title.

### Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1100H of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 552a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

### Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–159 subject to joint regulations establishing effective dates as prescribed by Federal Reserve Board and Federal Trade Commission, except as otherwise provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–159, set out as a note under section 1681 of this title.

### Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–347 deemed to have same effective date as amendments made by section 2403 of Pub. L. 104–208, see section 7 of Pub. L. 105–347, set out as a note under section 1681a of this title.

### Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective 365 days after Sept. 30, 1996, with special rule for early compliance, see section 2420 of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 1681a of this title.

### Effective Date

Section effective upon the expiration of one hundred and eighty days following Oct. 26, 1970, see section 504(d) of Pub. L. 90–321, as added by Pub. L. 91–508, set out as a note under section 1681 of this title.

### Prompt Investigation of Disputed Consumer Information

Pub. L. 108–159, title III, § 313(b), Dec. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 1994, provided that: Study required.—The Board and the Commission shall jointly study the extent to which, and the manner in which, consumer reporting agencies and furnishers of consumer information to consumer reporting agencies are complying with the procedures, time lines, and requirements under the Fair Credit Reporting Act [this subchapter] for the prompt investigation of the disputed accuracy of any consumer information, the completeness of the information provided to consumer reporting agencies, and the prompt correction or deletion, in accordance with such Act, of any inaccurate or incomplete information or information that cannot be verified. Report required.—Before the end of the 12-month period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2003], the Board and the Commission shall jointly submit a progress report to the Congress on the results of the study required under paragraph (1). Considerations.—In preparing the report required under paragraph (2), the Board and the Commission shall consider information relating to complaints compiled by the Commission under section 611(e) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act [15 U.S.C. 1681i(e)], as added by this section. Recommendations.—The report required under paragraph (2) shall include such recommendations as the Board and the Commission jointly determine to be appropriate for legislative or administrative action, to ensure that— consumer disputes with consumer reporting agencies over the accuracy or completeness of information in a consumer’s file are promptly and fully investigated and any incorrect, incomplete, or unverifiable information is corrected or deleted immediately thereafter; furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies maintain full and prompt compliance with the duties and responsibilities established under section 623 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act [15 U.S.C. 1681s–2]; and consumer reporting agencies establish and maintain appropriate internal controls and management review procedures for maintaining full and continuous compliance with the procedures, time lines, and requirements under the Fair Credit Reporting Act [this subchapter] for the prompt investigation of the disputed accuracy of any consumer information and the prompt correction or deletion, in accordance with such Act, of any inaccurate or incomplete information or information that cannot be verified.”

[For definitions of terms used in section 313(b) of Pub. L. 108–159, set out above, see section 2 of Pub. L. 108–159, set out as a Definitions note under section 1681 of this title.]