---
kind: "section"
citation: "15 U.S.C. § 1681g"
title: "15"
title_heading: "Commerce and Trade"
number: "1681g"
heading: "Disclosures to consumers"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/15/1681g"
units:
  - "Chapter 41 — Consumer Credit Protection"
  - "Subchapter III — Credit Reporting Agencies"
---

# §1681g. Disclosures to consumers


(a) Information on file; sources; report recipients

Every [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall, upon request, and subject to [section 1681h(a)(1) of this title](/usc/15/1681h.md?p=a-1), clearly and accurately disclose to the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c):

(1) All information in the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c)’s file at the time of the request, except that—

(A) if the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) to whom the file relates requests that the first 5 digits of the social [security](/usc/15/1667.md?p=5) number (or similar identification number) of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) not be included in the disclosure and the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) has received appropriate proof of the identity of the requester, the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall so truncate such number in such disclosure; and

(B) nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to require a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) to disclose to a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) any information concerning [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scores or any other risk scores or predictors relating to the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c).

(2) The sources of the information; except that the sources of information acquired solely for use in preparing an [investigative consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=e) and actually used for no other purpose need not be disclosed: Provided, That in the event an action is brought under this subchapter, such sources shall be available to the plaintiff under appropriate discovery procedures in the court in which the action is brought.

(3)(A) Identification of each [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) (including each end-user identified under [section 1681e(e)(1) of this title](/usc/15/1681e.md?p=e-1)) that procured a [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1)—

(i) for [employment purposes](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=h), during the 2-year period preceding the date on which the request is made; or

(ii) for any other purpose, during the 1-year period preceding the date on which the request is made.

(B) An identification of a [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) under subparagraph (A) shall include—

(i) the name of the [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) or, if applicable, the trade name (written in full) under which such [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) conducts business; and

(ii) upon request of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), the address and telephone number of the [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e).

(C) Subparagraph (A) does not apply if—

(i) the end user is an agency or department of the United States Government that procures the report from the [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) for purposes of determining the eligibility of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) to whom the report relates to receive access or continued access to classified information (as defined in [section 1681b(b)(4)(E)(i)](/usc/15/1681b.md)[^1] of this title); and

(ii) the head of the agency or department makes a written finding as prescribed under [section 1681b(b)(4)(A) of this title](/usc/15/1681b.md?p=b-4-A).

(4) The dates, original payees, and amounts of any checks upon which is based any adverse characterization of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), included in the file at the time of the disclosure.

(5) A record of all inquiries received by the agency during the 1-year period preceding the request that identified the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) in connection with a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) or insurance transaction that was not initiated by the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c).

(6) If the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) requests the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) file and not the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score, a statement that the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) may request and obtain a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score.

(b) Exempt information

The requirements of subsection (a) respecting the disclosure of sources of information and the recipients of [consumer reports](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) do not apply to information received or [consumer reports](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) furnished prior to the effective date of this subchapter except to the extent that the matter involved is contained in the files of the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) on that date.

(c) Summary of rights to obtain and dispute information in [consumer reports](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) and to obtain [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scores

(1) [Commission](/usc/15/1602.md?p=dd-1)[^2] summary of rights required

(A) In general

The [Commission](/usc/15/1602.md?p=dd-1)[^2] shall prepare a model summary of the rights of [consumers](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) under this subchapter.

(B) Content of summary

The summary of rights prepared under subparagraph (A) shall include a description of—

(i) the right of a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) to obtain a copy of a [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) under subsection (a) from each [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f);

(ii) the frequency and circumstances under which a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) is entitled to receive a [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) without charge under [section 1681j of this title](/usc/15/1681j.md);

(iii) the right of a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) to dispute information in the file of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) under [section 1681i of this title](/usc/15/1681i.md);

(iv) the right of a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) to obtain a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score from a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f), and a description of how to obtain a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score;

(v) the method by which a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) can contact, and obtain a [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) from, a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) without charge, as provided in the regulations of the [Bureau](/usc/15/1602.md?p=b) prescribed under section 211(c)[^1] of the Fair and Accurate [Credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) Transactions Act of 2003; and

(vi) the method by which a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) can contact, and obtain a [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1) from, a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) described in [section 1681a(w)](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=w)[^1] of this title, as provided in the regulations of the [Bureau](/usc/15/1602.md?p=b) prescribed under [section 1681j(a)(1)(C) of this title](/usc/15/1681j.md?p=a-1-C).

(C) Availability of summary of rights

The [Commission](/usc/15/1602.md?p=dd-1)[^2] shall—

(i) actively publicize the availability of the summary of rights prepared under this paragraph;

(ii) conspicuously post on its Internet website the availability of such summary of rights; and

(iii) promptly make such summary of rights available to [consumers](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), on request.

(2) Summary of rights required to be included with agency disclosures

A [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall provide to a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), with each written disclosure by the agency to the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) under this section—

(A) the summary of rights prepared by the [Bureau](/usc/15/1602.md?p=b) under paragraph (1);

(B) in the case of a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) described in [section 1681a(p) of this title](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=p), a toll-free telephone number established by the agency, at which personnel are accessible to [consumers](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) during normal business hours;

(C) a list of all Federal agencies responsible for enforcing any provision of this subchapter, and the address and any appropriate phone number of each such agency, in a form that will assist the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) in selecting the appropriate agency;

(D) a statement that the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) may have additional rights under [State](/usc/15/1602.md?p=s) law, and that the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) may wish to contact a [State](/usc/15/1602.md?p=s) or local [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) protection agency or a [State attorney general](/usc/15/15g.md?p=1) (or the equivalent thereof) to learn of those rights; and

(E) a statement that a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) is not required to remove accurate derogatory information from the file of a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), unless the information is outdated under [section 1681c of this title](/usc/15/1681c.md) or cannot be verified.

(d) Summary of rights of [identity theft](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=q-3) victims

(1) In general

The [Commission](/usc/15/1602.md?p=dd-1),[^2] in consultation with the [Federal banking agencies](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=s) and the National [Credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) Union [Administration](/usc/15/636e.md?p=1), shall prepare a model summary of the rights of [consumers](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) under this subchapter with respect to the procedures for remedying the effects of fraud or [identity theft](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=q-3) involving [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f), an [electronic fund transfer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=r-4), or an [account](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=r-4) or transaction at or with a [financial institution](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=t) or other [creditor](/usc/15/1602.md?p=g).

(2) Summary of rights and contact information

Beginning 60 days after the date on which the model summary of rights is prescribed in final form by the [Bureau](/usc/15/1602.md?p=b) pursuant to paragraph (1), if any [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) contacts a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) and expresses a belief that the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) is a victim of fraud or [identity theft](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=q-3) involving [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f), an [electronic fund transfer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=r-4), or an [account](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=r-4) or transaction at or with a [financial institution](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=t) or other [creditor](/usc/15/1602.md?p=g), the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall, in addition to any other action that the agency may take, provide the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) with a summary of rights that contains all of the information required by the [Bureau](/usc/15/1602.md?p=b) under paragraph (1), and information on how to contact the [Bureau](/usc/15/1602.md?p=b) to obtain more detailed information.

(e) Information available to victims

(1) In general

For the purpose of documenting fraudulent transactions resulting from [identity theft](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=q-3), not later than 30 days after the date of receipt of a request from a victim in accordance with paragraph (3), and subject to verification of the identity of the victim and the claim of [identity theft](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=q-3) in accordance with paragraph (2), a business entity that has provided [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) to, provided for consideration products, goods, or services to, accepted payment from, or otherwise entered into a commercial transaction for consideration with, a [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) who has allegedly made [unauthorized use](/usc/15/1602.md?p=p) of the means of identification of the victim, shall provide a copy of application and business transaction records in the control of the business entity, whether maintained by the business entity or by another [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) on behalf of the business entity, evidencing any transaction alleged to be a result of [identity theft](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=q-3) to—

(A) the victim;

(B) any Federal, [State](/usc/15/1602.md?p=s), or [local government](/usc/15/34.md?p=1) law enforcement agency or officer specified by the victim in such a request; or

(C) any law enforcement agency investigating the [identity theft](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=q-3) and authorized by the victim to take receipt of records provided under this subsection.

(2) Verification of identity and claim

Before a business entity provides any information under paragraph (1), unless the business entity, at its discretion, otherwise has a high degree of confidence that it knows the identity of the victim making a request under paragraph (1), the victim shall provide to the business entity—

(A) as proof of positive identification of the victim, at the election of the business entity—

(i) the presentation of a government-issued identification card;

(ii) personally identifying information of the same type as was provided to the business entity by the unauthorized [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e); or

(iii) personally identifying information that the business entity typically requests from new [applicants](/usc/15/1691a.md?p=b) or for new transactions, at the time of the victim’s request for information, including any documentation described in clauses (i) and (ii); and

(B) as proof of a claim of [identity theft](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=q-3), at the election of the business entity—

(i) a copy of a police report evidencing the claim of the victim of [identity theft](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=q-3); and

(ii) a properly completed—

(I) copy of a standardized affidavit of [identity theft](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=q-3) developed and made available by the [Bureau](/usc/15/1602.md?p=b); or

(II) an[^3] affidavit of fact that is acceptable to the business entity for that purpose.

(3) Procedures

The request of a victim under paragraph (1) shall—

(A) be in writing;

(B) be mailed to an address specified by the business entity, if any; and

(C) if asked by the business entity, include relevant information about any transaction alleged to be a result of [identity theft](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=q-3) to facilitate compliance with this section including—

(i) if known by the victim (or if readily obtainable by the victim), the date of the application or transaction; and

(ii) if known by the victim (or if readily obtainable by the victim), any other identifying information such as an [account](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=r-4) or transaction number.

(4) No charge to victim

Information required to be provided under paragraph (1) shall be so provided without charge.

(5) Authority to decline to provide information

A business entity may decline to provide information under paragraph (1) if, in the exercise of good faith, the business entity determines that—

(A) this subsection does not require disclosure of the information;

(B) after reviewing the information provided pursuant to paragraph (2), the business entity does not have a high degree of confidence in knowing the true identity of the individual requesting the information;

(C) the request for the information is based on a misrepresentation of fact by the individual requesting the information relevant to the request for information; or

(D) the information requested is Internet navigational data or similar information about a [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e)’s visit to a website or online service.

(6) Limitation on liability

Except as provided in [section 1681s of this title](/usc/15/1681s.md), sections [1681n](/usc/15/1681n.md) and [1681o](/usc/15/1681o.md) of this title do not apply to any violation of this subsection.

(7) Limitation on civil liability

No business entity may be held civilly liable under any provision of Federal, [State](/usc/15/1602.md?p=s), or other law for disclosure, made in good faith pursuant to this subsection.

(8) No new recordkeeping obligation

Nothing in this subsection creates an obligation on the part of a business entity to obtain, retain, or maintain information or records that are not otherwise required to be obtained, retained, or maintained in the ordinary course of its business or under other applicable law.

(9) Rule of construction

(A) In general

No provision of subtitle A of title V of Public Law 106–102 [[15 U.S.C. 6801](/usc/15/6801.md) et seq.], prohibiting the disclosure of financial information by a business entity to third parties shall be used to deny disclosure of information to the victim under this subsection.

(B) Limitation

Except as provided in subparagraph (A), nothing in this subsection permits a business entity to disclose information, including information to law enforcement under subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (1), that the business entity is otherwise prohibited from disclosing under any other applicable provision of Federal or [State](/usc/15/1602.md?p=s) law.

(10) Affirmative defense

In any civil action brought to enforce this subsection, it is an affirmative defense (which the defendant must establish by a preponderance of the evidence) for a business entity to file an affidavit or answer stating that—

(A) the business entity has made a reasonably diligent search of its available business records; and

(B) the records requested under this subsection do not exist or are not reasonably available.

(11) Definition of victim

For purposes of this subsection, the term “victim” means a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) whose means of identification or financial information has been used or transferred (or has been alleged to have been used or transferred) without the authority of that [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c), with the intent to commit, or to aid or abet, an [identity theft](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=q-3) or a similar crime.

(12) Effective date

This subsection shall become effective 180 days after December 4, 2003.

(13) Effectiveness study

Not later than 18 months after December 4, 2003, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit a report to Congress assessing the effectiveness of this provision.

(f) Disclosure of [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scores

(1) In general

Upon the request of a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) for a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score, a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall supply to the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) a statement indicating that the information and [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scoring model may be different than the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score that may be used by the lender, and a notice which shall include—

(A) the current [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) or the most recent [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) that was previously calculated by the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) reporting agency for a purpose related to the extension of [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f);

(B) the range of possible [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scores under the model used;

(C) all of the key factors that adversely affected the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) in the model used, the total number of which shall not exceed 4, subject to paragraph (9);

(D) the date on which the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score was created; and

(E) the name of the [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) or entity that provided the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score or [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) file upon which the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score was created.

(2) Definitions

For purposes of this subsection, the following definitions shall apply:

(A) [Credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score

The term “[credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score”—

(i) means a numerical value or a categorization derived from a statistical tool or modeling system used by a [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) who makes or arranges a loan to predict the likelihood of certain [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) behaviors, including default (and the numerical value or the categorization derived from such analysis may also be referred to as a “risk predictor” or “risk score”); and

(ii) does not include—

(I) any mortgage score or rating of an automated underwriting system that considers one or more factors in addition to [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) information, including the loan to value ratio, the amount of down payment, or the financial assets of a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c); or

(II) any other elements of the underwriting process or underwriting decision.

(B) Key factors

The term “key factors” means all relevant elements or reasons adversely affecting the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score for the particular individual, listed in the order of their importance based on their effect on the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score.

(3) Timeframe and manner of disclosure

The information required by this subsection shall be provided in the same timeframe and manner as the information described in subsection (a).

(4) Applicability to certain uses

This subsection shall not be construed so as to compel a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) to develop or disclose a score if the agency does not—

(A) distribute scores that are used in connection with residential real property loans; or

(B) develop scores that assist [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) providers in understanding the general [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) behavior of a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) and predicting the future [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) behavior of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c).

(5) Applicability to [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scores developed by another [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e)

(A) In general

This subsection shall not be construed to require a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) that distributes [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scores developed by another [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) or entity to provide a further explanation of them, or to process a dispute arising pursuant to [section 1681i of this title](/usc/15/1681i.md), except that the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall provide the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) with the name and address and website for contacting the [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) or entity who developed the score or developed the methodology of the score.

(B) Exception

This paragraph shall not apply to a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) that develops or modifies scores that are developed by another [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) or entity.

(6) Maintenance of [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scores not required

This subsection shall not be construed to require a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) to maintain [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scores in its files.

(7) Compliance in certain cases

In complying with this subsection, a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) shall—

(A) supply the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) with a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score that is derived from a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scoring model that is widely distributed to users by that [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) in connection with residential real property loans or with a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score that assists the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) in understanding the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scoring assessment of the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) behavior of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) and predictions about the future [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) behavior of the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c); and

(B) a statement indicating that the information and [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scoring model may be different than that used by the lender.

(8) Fair and reasonable fee

A [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) may charge a fair and reasonable fee, as determined by the [Bureau](/usc/15/1602.md?p=b), for providing the information required under this subsection.

(9) Use of enquiries as a key factor

If a key factor that adversely affects the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score of a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) consists of the number of enquiries made with respect to a [consumer report](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=d-1), that factor shall be included in the disclosure pursuant to paragraph (1)(C) without regard to the numerical limitation in such paragraph.

(g) Disclosure of [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scores by certain mortgage lenders

(1) In general

Any [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) who makes or arranges loans and who uses a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score, as defined in subsection (f), in connection with an application initiated or sought by a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) for a closed end loan or the establishment of an open end loan for a [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) purpose that is secured by 1 to 4 units of residential real property (hereafter in this subsection referred to as the “lender”) shall provide the following to the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) as soon as reasonably practicable:

(A) Information required under subsection (f)

(i) In general

A copy of the information identified in subsection (f) that was obtained from a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) or was developed and used by the user of the information.

(ii) Notice under subparagraph (D)

In addition to the information provided to it by a third party that provided the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score or scores, a lender is only required to provide the notice contained in subparagraph (D).

(B) Disclosures in case of automated underwriting system

(i) In general

If a [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) that is subject to this subsection uses an automated underwriting system to underwrite a loan, that [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) may satisfy the obligation to provide a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score by disclosing a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score and associated key factors supplied by a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f).

(ii) Numerical [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score

However, if a numerical [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score is generated by an automated underwriting system used by an enterprise, and that score is disclosed to the [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e), the score shall be disclosed to the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) consistent with subparagraph (C).

(iii) Enterprise defined

For purposes of this subparagraph, the term “enterprise” has the same meaning as in paragraph (6) of [section 4502 of title 12](/usc/12/4502.md).

(C) Disclosures of [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scores not obtained from a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f)

A [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) that is subject to the provisions of this subsection and that uses a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score, other than a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score provided by a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f), may satisfy the obligation to provide a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score by disclosing a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score and associated key factors supplied by a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f).

(D) Notice to home loan [applicants](/usc/15/1691a.md?p=b)

A copy of the following notice, which shall include the name, address, and telephone number of each [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) providing a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score that was used:

“notice to the home loan [applicant](/usc/15/1691a.md?p=b)

“In connection with your application for a home loan, the lender must disclose to you the score that a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) distributed to users and the lender used in connection with your home loan, and the key factors affecting your [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scores.

“The [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score is a computer generated summary calculated at the time of the request and based on information that a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) or lender has on file. The scores are based on data about your [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) history and payment patterns. [Credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scores are important because they are used to assist the lender in determining whether you will obtain a loan. They may also be used to determine what interest rate you may be offered on the mortgage. [Credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scores can change over time, depending on your conduct, how your [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) history and payment patterns change, and how [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) scoring technologies change.

“Because the score is based on information in your [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) history, it is very important that you review the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f)-related information that is being furnished to make sure it is accurate. [Credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) records may vary from one company to another.

“If you have questions about your [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score or the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) information that is furnished to you, contact the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) at the address and telephone number provided with this notice, or contact the lender, if the lender developed or generated the [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score. The [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) plays no part in the decision to take any action on the loan application and is unable to provide you with specific reasons for the decision on a loan application.

“If you have questions concerning the terms of the loan, contact the lender.”.

(E) Actions not required under this subsection

This subsection shall not require any [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) to—

(i) explain the information provided pursuant to subsection (f);

(ii) disclose any information other than a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score or key factors, as defined in subsection (f);

(iii) disclose any [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score or related information obtained by the user after a loan has closed;

(iv) provide more than 1 disclosure per loan transaction; or

(v) provide the disclosure required by this subsection when another [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) has made the disclosure to the [consumer](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=c) for that loan transaction.

(F) No obligation for content

(i) In general

The obligation of any [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) pursuant to this subsection shall be limited solely to providing a copy of the information that was received from the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f).

(ii) Limit on liability

No [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) has liability under this subsection for the content of that information or for the omission of any information within the report provided by the [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f).

(G) [Person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) defined as excluding enterprise

As used in this subsection, the term “[person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e)” does not include an enterprise (as defined in paragraph (6) of [section 4502 of title 12](/usc/12/4502.md)).

(2) Prohibition on disclosure clauses null and void

(A) In general

Any provision in a contract that prohibits the disclosure of a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score by a [person](/usc/15/1602.md?p=e) who makes or arranges loans or a [consumer reporting agency](/usc/15/1681a.md?p=f) is void.

(B) No liability for disclosure under this subsection

A lender shall not have liability under any contractual provision for disclosure of a [credit](/usc/15/1602.md?p=f) score pursuant to this subsection.


## Footnotes

[^1]: See References in Text note below.
[^2]: So in original. Probably should be “Bureau”.
[^3]: So in original. The word “an” probably should not appear.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 90–321, title VI, § 609, as added Pub. L. 91–508, title VI, § 601, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1131; amended Pub. L. 103–325, title III, § 339, Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2237; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, § 2408(a)–(d)(1), (e)(5)(A), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–436, 3009–437, 3009–439; Pub. L. 105–347, § 4(a), Nov. 2, 1998, 112 Stat. 3210; Pub. L. 108–159, title I, §§ 115, 151(a)(1), title II, §§ 211(c), 212(a)–(c), title VIII, § 811(d), Dec. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 1961, 1970, 1973–1975, 2011; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1088(a)(2)(C), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2087.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### References in Text

Section 1681b(b)(4) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(C)(i), was subsequently amended, and section 1681b(b)(4)(E) no longer defines the term “classified information”. However, such term is defined elsewhere in that section.

For the effective date of this subchapter, referred to in subsec. (b), see section 504(d) of Pub. L. 90–321, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1681 of this title.

Section 211(c) of the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(B)(v), probably means section 211(d) of Pub. L. 108–159, which is set out as a note under section 1681j of this title and relates to the promulgation of regulations. Section 211(c) of Pub. L. 108–159 amended this section.

Section 1681a(w) of this title, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(B)(vi), was redesignated section 1681a(x) of this title by Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1088(a)(1), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2086.

Public Law 106–102, referred to in subsec. (e)(9)(A), is Pub. L. 106–102, Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1338, known as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. Subtitle A of title V of the Act is classified principally to subchapter I (§ 6801 et seq.) of chapter 94 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1999 Amendment note set out under section 1811 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and Tables.

### Amendments

2010—Pub. L. 111–203 substituted “the Bureau” for “the Commission” wherever appearing.

2003—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 108–159, § 115, substituted “except that—

“(A) if the consumer to whom the file relates requests that the first 5 digits of the social security number (or similar identification number) of the consumer not be included in the disclosure and the consumer reporting agency has received appropriate proof of the identity of the requester, the consumer reporting agency shall so truncate such number in such disclosure; and

“(B) nothing”

for “except that nothing”.

Subsec. (a)(2), (3)(C). Pub. L. 108–159, § 811(d), realigned margins.

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 108–159, § 212(a), added par. (6).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–159, § 211(c), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) related to the summary of rights required to be included with disclosure to consumers by consumer reporting agencies.

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 108–159, § 151(a)(1), added subsecs. (d) and (e).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 108–159, § 212(b), added subsec. (f).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 108–159, § 212(c), added subsec. (g).

1998—Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 105–347 added subpar. (C).

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–208, § 2408(e)(5)(A), in introductory provisions substituted “, and subject to section 1681h(a)(1) of this title” for “and proper identification of any consumer”.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–208, § 2408(a), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “The nature and substance of all information (except medical information) in its files on the consumer at the time of the request.”

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 104–208, § 2408(b), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: “The recipients of any consumer report on the consumer which it has furnished—

“(A) for employment purposes within the two-year period preceding the request, and

“(B) for any other purpose within the six-month period preceding the request.”

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 104–208, § 2408(c), added par. (5).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–208, § 2408(d)(1), added subsec. (c).

1994—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 103–325 added par. (4).

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1100H of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 552a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

### Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–159 subject to joint regulations establishing effective dates as prescribed by Federal Reserve Board and Federal Trade Commission, except as otherwise provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–159, set out as a note under section 1681 of this title.

### Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–347 deemed to have same effective date as amendments made by section 2403 of Pub. L. 104–208, see section 7 of Pub. L. 105–347, set out as a note under section 1681a of this title.

### Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective 365 days after Sept. 30, 1996, with special rule for early compliance, see section 2420 of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 1681a of this title.

### Effective Date

Section effective upon the expiration of one hundred and eighty days following Oct. 26, 1970, see section 504(d) of Pub. L. 90–321, as added by Pub. L. 91–508, set out as a note under section 1681 of this title.

### Simplified Disclosure To Maximize Comprehensibility and Standardization

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, § 2408(e)(2), (3), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–438, 3009–439, provided that: Simplified disclosure.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1996], each consumer reporting agency shall develop a form on which such consumer reporting agency shall make the disclosures required under section 609(a) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act [15 U.S.C. 1681g(a)], for the purpose of maximizing the comprehensibility and standardization of such disclosures. Goals.—The Federal Trade Commission shall take appropriate action to assure that the goals of comprehensibility and standardization are achieved in accordance with paragraph (2).”