---
kind: "section"
citation: "12 U.S.C. § 1465"
title: "12"
title_heading: "Banks and Banking"
number: "1465"
heading: "State law preemption standards for Federal savings associations clarified"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/12/1465"
units:
  - "Chapter 12 — Savings Associations"
---

# §1465. State law preemption standards for Federal savings associations clarified

- (a) **In general—** Any determination by a court or by the [Director](/usc/12/5481.md?p=10) or any successor officer or agency regarding the relation of [State](/usc/12/1462.md?p=6) law to a provision of this chapter or any regulation or order prescribed under this chapter shall be made in accordance with the laws and legal standards applicable to [national banks](/usc/12/1462.md?p=4) regarding the preemption of [State](/usc/12/1462.md?p=6) law.
- (b) **Principles of conflict preemption applicable—** Notwithstanding the authorities granted under sections [1463](/usc/12/1463.md) and [1464](/usc/12/1464.md) of this title, this chapter does not occupy the field in any area of [State](/usc/12/1462.md?p=6) law.
- (c) **Visitorial powers—** The provisions of sections[^1] [25b(i)](/usc/12/25b.md?p=i) of this title shall apply to [Federal savings associations](/usc/12/1462.md?p=3), and any subsidiary thereof, to the same extent and in the same manner as if such [savings associations](/usc/12/1462.md?p=2), or subsidiaries thereof, were [national banks](/usc/12/1462.md?p=4) or subsidiaries of [national banks](/usc/12/1462.md?p=4), respectively.
- (d) **Enforcement actions—** The ability of the [Comptroller](/usc/12/1462.md?p=9) of the Currency to bring an enforcement action under this chapter or [section 45 of title 15](/usc/15/45.md) does not preclude any private party from enforcing rights granted under Federal or [State](/usc/12/1462.md?p=6) law in the courts.

## Footnotes

[^1]: So in original. Probably should be “section”.

## Source credit

(June 13, 1933, ch. 64, § 6, as added and amended Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §§ 1046(a), 1047(b), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2017, 2018.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### Prior Provisions

A prior section 1465, acts June 13, 1933, ch. 64, § 6, 48 Stat. 134; Apr. 27, 1934, ch. 168, § 11, 48 Stat. 647; May 28, 1935, ch. 150, § 19, 49 Stat. 297; Pub. L. 101–73, title III, § 301, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 313, which related to liquid asset requirements, was repealed by Pub. L. 106–569, title XII, § 1201(a), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3032.

### Amendments

2010—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1047(b), added subsecs. (c) and (d).

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date

Enactment and amendment of section by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1048 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 5551 of this title.