---
kind: "section"
citation: "11 U.S.C. § 944"
title: "11"
title_heading: "Bankruptcy"
number: "944"
heading: "Effect of confirmation"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/11/944"
units:
  - "Chapter 9 — Adjustment of Debts of a Municipality"
  - "Subchapter III — The Plan"
---

# §944. Effect of confirmation

- (a) The provisions of a confirmed plan bind the [debtor](/usc/11/101.md?p=13) and any [creditor](/usc/11/101.md?p=10), whether or not—
  - (1) a proof of such [creditor](/usc/11/101.md?p=10)’s [claim](/usc/11/101.md?p=5) is filed or deemed filed under [section 501 of this title](/usc/11/501.md);
  - (2) such [claim](/usc/11/101.md?p=5) is allowed under [section 502 of this title](/usc/11/502.md); or
  - (3) such [creditor](/usc/11/101.md?p=10) has accepted the plan.
- (b) Except as provided in [subsection (c)](#c) of this section, the [debtor](/usc/11/101.md?p=13) is discharged from all [debts](/usc/11/101.md?p=12) as of the time when—
  - (1) the plan is confirmed;
  - (2) the [debtor](/usc/11/101.md?p=13) deposits any consideration to be distributed under the plan with a disbursing agent appointed by the court; and
  - (3) the court has determined—
    - (A) that any [security](/usc/11/101.md?p=49) so deposited will constitute, after distribution, a valid legal obligation of the [debtor](/usc/11/101.md?p=13); and
    - (B) that any provision made to pay or secure payment of such obligation is valid.
- (c) The [debtor](/usc/11/101.md?p=13) is not discharged under [subsection (b)](#b) of this section from any [debt](/usc/11/101.md?p=12)—
  - (1) excepted from discharge by the plan or order confirming the plan; or
  - (2) owed to an [entity](/usc/11/101.md?p=15) that, before confirmation of the plan, had neither notice nor actual knowledge of the case.

## Source credit

(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2624.)

## Notes

### Historical and Revision Notes

### senate report no. 95–989

[Section 947] Subsection (a) [enacted as section 944(a)] makes the provisions of a confirmed plan binding on the debtor and creditors. It is derived from section 95(a) of chapter 9 [section 415(a) of former title 11].

Subsections (b) and (c) [enacted as section 944(b) and (c)] provide for the discharge of a municipality. The discharge is essentially the same as that granted under section 95(b) of the Bankruptcy Act [section 415(b) of former title 11].