---
kind: "section"
citation: "10 U.S.C. § 435"
title: "10"
title_heading: "Armed Forces"
number: "435"
heading: "Limitations"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/10/435"
units:
  - "Subtitle A — General Military Law"
  - "Part I — Organization and General Military Powers"
  - "Chapter 21 — Department of Defense Intelligence Matters"
  - "Subchapter II — Intelligence Commercial Activities"
---

# §435. Limitations

- (a) **Lawful Activities.—** Nothing in this subchapter authorizes the conduct of any intelligence activity that is not otherwise authorized by law or Executive order.
- (b) **Domestic Activities.—** Personnel conducting commercial activity authorized by this subchapter may only engage in those activities in the [United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1) to the extent necessary to support intelligence activities abroad.
- (c) **Providing Goods and Services to the Department of Defense.—** Commercial activity may not be undertaken within the [United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1) for the purpose of providing goods and services to the [Department](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-6) of Defense, other than as may be necessary to provide security for the activities subject to this subchapter.
- (d) **Notice to United States Persons.—**
  - (1) In carrying out a commercial activity authorized under this subchapter, the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense may not permit an entity engaged in such activity to employ a [United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1) [person](/usc/10/2700.md?p=2) in an operational, managerial, or supervisory position, and may not assign or detail a [United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1) [person](/usc/10/2700.md?p=2) to perform operational, managerial, or supervisory duties for such an entity, unless that [person](/usc/10/2700.md?p=2) is informed in advance of the intelligence security purpose of that activity.
  - (2) In this subsection, the term “[United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1) [person](/usc/10/2700.md?p=2)” means an individual who is a citizen of the [United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1) or an [alien](/usc/10/948a.md?p=1) lawfully admitted to the [United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1) for permanent residence.

## Source credit

(Added Pub. L. 102–88, title V, § 504(a)(2), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 439.)