---
kind: "section"
citation: "10 U.S.C. § 398"
title: "10"
title_heading: "Armed Forces"
number: "398"
heading: "Military information support operations in information environment"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/10/398"
units:
  - "Subtitle A — General Military Law"
  - "Part I — Organization and General Military Powers"
  - "Chapter 19 — Cyber and Information Operations Matters"
---

# §398. Military information support operations in information environment

- (a) **Congressional Notification Requirement.—**
  - (1) Not later than 48 hours after the execution of any new [military](/usc/10/801.md?p=8) information support operation plan (in this section referred to as a “MISO plan”) approved by the commander of a combatant command, or any change in scope of any existing MISO plan, including any underlying MISO supporting plan, the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense shall promptly submit to the [congressional defense committees](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-16) notice in writing of such approval or execution of change in scope.
  - (2) A notification under [paragraph (1)](#a-1) with respect to a MISO plan shall include each of the following:
    - (A) A description of the [military](/usc/10/801.md?p=8) information support operation [program](/usc/10/2101.md?p=1) (in this section referred to as a “MISO [program](/usc/10/2101.md?p=1)”) supported by the MISO plan.
    - (B) A description of the objectives of the MISO plan.
    - (C) A description of the intended target audience for [military](/usc/10/801.md?p=8) information support operation activities under the MISO plan.
    - (D) A description of the tactics, techniques, and procedures to be used in executing the MISO plan.
    - (E) A description of the personnel engaged in supporting or facilitating the operation.
    - (F) The amount of funding anticipated to be obligated and expended to execute the MISO plan during the current and subsequent fiscal years.
    - (G) The expected duration and desired outcome of the MISO plan.
    - (H) Any other elements the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) determines appropriate.
  - (3) To the maximum extent practicable, the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) shall ensure that the [congressional defense committees](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-16) are notified promptly of any unauthorized disclosure of a clandestine [military](/usc/10/801.md?p=8) support operation covered by this section. A notification under this subsection may be verbal or written, but in the event of a verbal notification, the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) shall provide a written notification by not later than 48 hours after the provision of the verbal notification.
- (b) **Annual Report.—** Not later than 90 days after the last day of any fiscal year during which the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) conducts a MISO plan, the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) shall submit to the [congressional defense committees](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-16) a report on all such MISO plans conducted during such fiscal year. Such report shall include each of the following:
  - (1) A list of each MISO [program](/usc/10/2101.md?p=1) and the combatant command responsible for the [program](/usc/10/2101.md?p=1).
  - (2) For each MISO plan—
    - (A) a description of the plan and any supporting plans, including the objectives for the plan;
    - (B) a description of the intended target audience for the activities carried out under the plan and the means of distribution; and
    - (C) the cost of executing the plan.
- (c) **Prohibition on Clandestine Operations Designed to Influence Opinions and Politics in United States.—** None of the funds authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available for the [Department](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-6) of Defense for any fiscal year may be used to conduct a clandestine [military](/usc/10/801.md?p=8) information support operation that is designed to influence—
  - (1) any political process taking place in the [United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1);
  - (2) the opinions of [United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1) [persons](/usc/10/2700.md?p=2);
  - (3) [United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1) policies; or
  - (4) media produced by [United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1) entities for [United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1) [persons](/usc/10/2700.md?p=2).

## Source credit

(Added Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title X, § 1052(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2776.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### Codification

Another section 398 was renumbered section 398a of this title.