---
kind: "section"
citation: "10 U.S.C. § 164"
title: "10"
title_heading: "Armed Forces"
number: "164"
heading: "Commanders of combatant commands: assignment; powers and duties"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/10/164"
units:
  - "Subtitle A — General Military Law"
  - "Part I — Organization and General Military Powers"
  - "Chapter 6 — Combatant Commands"
---

# §164. Commanders of combatant commands: assignment; powers and duties

- (a) **Assignment as Combatant Commander.—**
  - (1) The President may assign an [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) to serve as the commander of a unified or specified combatant command only if the [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1)—
    - (A) has the joint specialty under [section 661 of this title](/usc/10/661.md); and
    - (B) has completed a full tour of duty in a [joint duty assignment](/usc/10/668.md?p=b-1) (as defined in [section 664(d) of this title](/usc/10/664.md?p=d)) as a general or [flag officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-5).
  - (2) The President may waive [paragraph (1)](#a-1) in the case of an [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) if the President determines that such action is necessary in the national interest.
  - (3)
    - (A) If the President removes an [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) assigned under [paragraph (1)](#a-1) to serve as the commander of a unified or specified combatant command or transfers that [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) to another position or location before the expected end of the [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1)’s service as a combatant commander, the President shall, not later than five days after the [removal](/usc/10/2700.md?p=2) or transfer takes effect, submit to Congress, including the [congressional defense committees](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-16), notice that the [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) is being removed or transferred and a statement of the reason for the [removal](/usc/10/2700.md?p=2) or transfer.
    - (B) Nothing in this paragraph prohibits a personnel action authorized by another provision of law.
- (b) **Responsibilities of Combatant Commanders.—**
  - (1) The commander of a combatant command is responsible to the President and to the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense for the performance of missions assigned to that command by the President or by the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) with the approval of the President.
  - (2) Subject to the direction of the President, the commander of a combatant command—
    - (A) performs his duties under the authority, direction, and control of the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense; and
    - (B) is directly responsible to the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) for the preparedness of the command to carry out missions assigned to the command.
  - (3) Among the full [range](/usc/10/101.md?p=f-1) of command responsibilities specified in [subsection (c)](#c) and as provided for in [section 161 of this title](/usc/10/161.md), the primary duties of the commander of a combatant command shall be as follows:
    - (A) To produce plans for the employment of the [armed forces](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-4) to execute national defense strategies and respond to significant [military](/usc/10/801.md?p=8) contingencies.
    - (B) To take actions, as necessary, to deter conflict.
    - (C) To command [United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1) [armed forces](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-4) as directed by the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) and approved by the President.
- (c) **Command Authority of Combatant Commanders.—**
  - (1) Unless otherwise directed by the President or the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense, the authority, direction, and control of the commander of a combatant command with respect to the commands and forces assigned to that command include the command [functions](/usc/10/467.md?p=1) of—
    - (A) giving authoritative direction to subordinate commands and forces necessary to carry out missions assigned to the command, including authoritative direction over all aspects of [military](/usc/10/801.md?p=8) operations, joint [training](/usc/10/301.md?p=9), and logistics;
    - (B) prescribing the chain of command to the commands and forces within the command;
    - (C) organizing commands and forces within that command as he considers necessary to carry out missions assigned to the command;
    - (D) employing forces within that command as he considers necessary to carry out missions assigned to the command;
    - (E) assigning command [functions](/usc/10/467.md?p=1) to subordinate commanders;
    - (F) coordinating and approving those aspects of administration and support (including control of resources and equipment, internal organization, and [training](/usc/10/301.md?p=9)) and discipline necessary to carry out missions assigned to the command; and
    - (G) exercising the authority with respect to selecting subordinate commanders, selecting combatant command staff, suspending subordinates, and convening courts-martial, as provided in subsections [(e)](#e), [(f)](#f), and [(g)](#g) of this section and [section 822(a) of this title](/usc/10/822.md?p=a), respectively.
  - (2)
    - (A) The [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense shall ensure that a commander of a combatant command has sufficient authority, direction, and control over the commands and forces assigned to the command to exercise effective command over those commands and forces. In carrying out this subparagraph, the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) shall consult with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
    - (B) The [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) shall periodically review and, after consultation with the [Secretaries](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of the [military departments](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-8), the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the commander of the combatant command, assign authority to the commander of the combatant command for those aspects of administration and support that the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) considers necessary to carry out missions assigned to the command.
  - (3) If a commander of a combatant command at any time considers his authority, direction, or control with respect to any of the commands or forces assigned to the command to be insufficient to command effectively, the commander shall promptly inform the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense.
- (d) **Authority Over Subordinate Commanders.—** Unless otherwise directed by the President or the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense—
  - (1) commanders of commands and forces assigned to a combatant command are under the authority, direction, and control of, and are responsible to, the commander of the combatant command on all matters for which the commander of the combatant command has been assigned authority under [subsection (c)](#c);
  - (2) the commander of a command or force referred to in clause (1) shall communicate with other elements of the [Department](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-6) of Defense on any matter for which the commander of the combatant command has been assigned authority under [subsection (c)](#c) in accordance with procedures, if any, established by the commander of the combatant command;
  - (3) other elements of the [Department](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-6) of Defense shall communicate with the commander of a command or force referred to in clause (1) on any matter for which the commander of the combatant command has been assigned authority under [subsection (c)](#c) in accordance with procedures, if any, established by the commander of the combatant command; and
  - (4) if directed by the commander of the combatant command, the commander of a command or force referred to in clause (1) shall advise the commander of the combatant command of all communications to and from other elements of the [Department](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-6) of Defense on any matter for which the commander of the combatant command has not been assigned authority under [subsection (c)](#c).
- (e) **Selection of Subordinate Commanders.—**
  - (1) An [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) may be assigned to a position as the commander of a command directly subordinate to the commander of a combatant command or, in the case of such a position that is designated under [section 601 of this title](/usc/10/601.md) as a position of importance and responsibility, may be recommended to the President for assignment to that position, only—
    - (A) with the concurrence of the commander of the combatant command; and
    - (B) in accordance with procedures established by the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense.
  - (2) The [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense may waive the requirement under [paragraph (1)](#e-1) for the concurrence of the commander of a combatant command with regard to the assignment (or recommendation for assignment) of a particular [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) if the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense determines that such action is in the national interest.
  - (3) The commander of a combatant command shall—
    - (A) evaluate the duty performance of each commander of a command directly subordinate to the commander of such combatant command; and
    - (B) submit the evaluation to the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of the [military](/usc/10/801.md?p=8) [department](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-6) concerned and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
  - (4)
    - (A) At least one deputy commander of the combatant command the geographic area of responsibility of which [includes](/usc/10/101.md?p=g-4) the [United States](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-1) shall be—
      - (i) a qualified [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) of a [reserve](/usc/10/101.md?p=c-6) [component](/usc/10/3011.md?p=13) who is eligible for promotion to the [grade](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-7) of lieutenant general or, in the case of the Navy, vice admiral; or
      - (ii) a qualified [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) of the Space Force whose prior service [includes](/usc/10/101.md?p=g-4) service in a [space force active status](/usc/10/101.md?p=e-1) other than [sustained duty](/usc/10/101.md?p=e-4) and who is eligible for promotion to the [grade](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-7) of lieutenant general.
    - (B) The requirement in [subparagraph (A)](#e-4-A) does not apply when the [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) serving as commander of the combatant command described in that subparagraph is (i) a [reserve](/usc/10/101.md?p=c-6) [component](/usc/10/3011.md?p=13) [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1), or (ii) an [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) of the Space Force whose prior service [includes](/usc/10/101.md?p=g-4) service in a [space force active status](/usc/10/101.md?p=e-1) other than [sustained duty](/usc/10/101.md?p=e-4).
- (f) **Combatant Command Staff.—**
  - (1) Each unified and specified combatant command shall have a staff to assist the commander of the command in carrying out his responsibilities. Positions of responsibility on the combatant command staff shall be filled by [officers](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) from each of the [armed forces](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-4) having significant forces assigned to the command.
  - (2) An [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) may be assigned to a position on the staff of a combatant command or, in the case of such a position that is designated under [section 601 of this title](/usc/10/601.md) as a position of importance and responsibility, may be recommended to the President for assignment to that position, only—
    - (A) with the concurrence of the commander of such command; and
    - (B) in accordance with procedures established by the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense.
  - (3) The [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense may waive the requirement under [paragraph (2)](#f-2) for the concurrence of the commander of a combatant command with regard to the assignment (or recommendation for assignment) of a particular [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) to serve on the staff of the combatant command if the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense determines that such action is in the national interest.
- (g) **Authority to Suspend Subordinates.—** In accordance with procedures established by the [Secretary](/usc/10/4951.md?p=3) of Defense, the commander of a combatant command may suspend from duty and recommend the reassignment of any [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) assigned to such combatant command.
- (h) **Support to Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.—** The commander of a combatant command shall provide such information to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as may be necessary for the Chairman to perform the duties of the Chairman under [section 153 of this title](/usc/10/153.md).

## Source credit

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title II, § 211(a), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1013; amended Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title V, § 519(a)(2), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1972; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XVIII, § 1824(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title V, § 516, title IX, § 921(e), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2113, 2354; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, § 1081(a)(10), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1594; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XVII, § 1722(a)(3), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 667; Pub. L. 119–60, div. A, title IX, § 911(b), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1015.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### Amendments

2025—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 119–60 added par. (3).

2023—Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 118–31 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted “shall be—” and cls. (i) and (ii) for “shall be a qualified officer of a reserve component of the armed forces who is eligible for promotion to the grade of O–9, unless a reserve component officer is serving as commander of that combatant command.”, and added subpar. (B).

2017—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115–91 substituted “section 664(d)” for “section 664(f)”.

2016—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 114–328, § 921(e)(1), added par. (3).

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 114–328, § 516, substituted “a reserve component of the armed forces” for “the National Guard” and “a reserve component officer” for “a National Guard officer”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 114–328, § 921(e)(2), added subsec. (h).

2008—Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 110–181 added par. (4).

1988—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 100–456 substituted “completed a full tour of duty in a joint duty assignment (as defined in section 664(f) of this title)” for “served in at least one joint duty assignment (as defined under section 668(b) of this title)”.

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date

Pub. L. 99–433, title II, § 214(c), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1019, provided that: “Subsections (e), (f), and (g) of section 164 of title 10, United States Code (as added by section 211 of this Act), shall take effect at the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 1, 1986], or on such earlier date as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense.”

### Consideration of Reserve Component Officers for Appointment to Certain Command Positions

Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title V, § 518, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1397, provided that: “Whenever officers of the Armed Forces are considered for appointment to the position of Commander, Army North Command or Commander, Air Force North Command, fully qualified officers of the National Guard and the Reserves shall be considered for appointment to such position.”

### Sense of Congress

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XVIII, § 1824(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 501, provided that: “It is the sense of Congress that, whenever officers of the Armed Forces are considered for promotion to the grade of lieutenant general, or vice admiral in the case of the Navy, on the active duty list, officers in the reserve components of the Armed Forces who are eligible for promotion to such grade should be considered for promotion to such grade.”

### Waiver of Qualifications for Assignment as Combatant Commander

Pub. L. 99–433, title II, § 214(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1018, authorized President, until Oct. 1, 1990, to waive, on a case-by-case basis, certain requirements provided for in subsec. (a) of this section relating to assignment of commanders of combatant commands.