---
kind: "section"
citation: "10 U.S.C. § 14108"
title: "10"
title_heading: "Armed Forces"
number: "14108"
heading: "Recommendations by promotion boards"
release: "119-102"
date: "2026-07-12"
url: "https://uscodex.org/usc/10/14108"
units:
  - "Subtitle E — Reserve Components"
  - "Part III — Promotion and Retention of Officers on the Reserve Active-Status List"
  - "Chapter 1403 — Selection Boards"
---

# §14108. Recommendations by promotion boards

- (a) **Recommendation of Best Qualified Officers.—** A promotion board convened under [section 14101(a) of this title](/usc/10/14101.md?p=a) shall recommend for promotion to the next higher [grade](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-7) those [officers](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) considered by the board whom the board considers best qualified for promotion within each competitive category considered by the board or, in the case of a vacancy promotion board, among those [officers](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) considered to fill a vacancy. In determining those [officers](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) who are best qualified for promotion, the board shall give due consideration to the needs of the armed force concerned for [officers](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) with particular skills (as noted in the guidelines or information furnished the board under [section 14107 of this title](/usc/10/14107.md)).
- (b) **Actions Required.—** A promotion board convened under [section 14101(a) of this title](/usc/10/14101.md?p=a) may not recommend an [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) for promotion unless—
  - (1) the [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) receives the recommendation of a majority of the members of the board;
  - (2) a majority of the members of the board finds that the [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) is fully qualified for promotion; and
  - (3) a majority of the members of the board, after consideration by all members of the board of any adverse information about the [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) that is provided to the board under [section 14107 of this title](/usc/10/14107.md), finds that the [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) is among the [officers](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) best qualified for promotion to meet the needs of the armed force concerned consistent with the requirement of exemplary conduct set forth in section [7233](/usc/10/7233.md), [8167](/usc/10/8167.md), or [9233](/usc/10/9233.md) of this title, as applicable.
- (c) **Board Recommendation Required for Promotion.—** Except as otherwise provided by law, an [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) on the [reserve active-status list](/usc/10/101.md?p=c-7) may not be promoted to a higher [grade](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-7) under [chapter 1405](/usc/10/chstE/ptIII/ch1405.md) of this title unless the [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) is considered and recommended for promotion to that [grade](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-7) by a promotion board convened under [section 14101(a) of this title](/usc/10/14101.md?p=a) (or by a special selection board convened under [section 14502 of this title](/usc/10/14502.md)).
- (d) **Disclosure of Board Recommendations.—** The recommendations of a promotion board may be disclosed only in accordance with regulations prescribed by the [Secretary](/usc/10/12521.md?p=4) of Defense. Those recommendations may not be disclosed to a person not a member of the board (or a member of the administrative staff designated by the [Secretary concerned](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-9) to assist the board) until the written report of the recommendations of the board, required by [section 14109 of this title](/usc/10/14109.md), is signed by each member of the board.
- (e) **Prohibition of Coercion and Unauthorized Influence of Actions of Board Members.—** The [Secretary](/usc/10/12521.md?p=4) convening a promotion board under [section 14101(a) of this title](/usc/10/14101.md?p=a), and an [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) or other official exercising authority over any member of a selection board, may not—
  - (1) censure, reprimand, or admonish the selection board or any member of the board with respect to the recommendations of the board or the exercise of any lawful function within the authorized discretion of the board; or
  - (2) attempt to coerce or, by any unauthorized means, influence any action of a promotion board or any member of a promotion board in the formulation of the board’s recommendations.
- (f) **Higher Placement of Officers of Particular Merit on Promotion List.—**
  - (1) In selecting [officers](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) to be recommended for promotion, a promotion board may, when authorized by the [Secretary concerned](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-9), recommend that [officers](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) of particular merit, from among those [officers](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) selected for promotion, be placed higher on the promotion list established by the [Secretary](/usc/10/12521.md?p=4) under [section 14308(a) of this title](/usc/10/14308.md?p=a).
  - (2) A promotion board may make a recommendation under [paragraph (1)](#f-1) only if an [officer](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) receives the recommendation of—
    - (A) a majority of the members of the promotion board; or
    - (B) an alternative requirement established by the [Secretary concerned](/usc/10/101.md?p=a-9) and furnished to the promotion board as part of the guidelines under [section 14107 of this title](/usc/10/14107.md).
  - (3) For [officers](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) who receive recommendations under [paragraph (1)](#f-1), the board shall recommend the order in which those [officers](/usc/10/101.md?p=b-1) should be placed on the promotion list.

## Source credit

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2928; amended Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, § 512(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2184; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 809(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1840; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title V, § 510(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1347.)

## Notes

### Editorial Notes

### Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in sections 3362(e), 5893(c), 5896, and 8362(e) of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, § 1629(a)(1), (b)(2), (c)(1).

### Amendments

2019—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 116–92 added subsec. (f).

2018—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “section 7233, 8167, or 9233” for “section 3583, 5947, or 8583”.

2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–364, § 512(b)(1), substituted “Actions” for “Majority” in heading.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 109–364, § 512(b)(2)–(4), added par. (3).

### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

### Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

### Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–364 effective Oct. 17, 2006, and applicable with respect to selection boards convened on or after that date, see section 512(c) of Pub. L. 109–364, set out as a note under section 616 of this title.

### Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1691(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as a note under section 10001 of this title.