---
kind: "section"
citation: "7 C.F.R. § 201.56-2"
title: "7"
number: "201.56-2"
heading: "Sunflower family, Asteraceae (Compositae)."
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/7/201.56-2"
---

# §201.56-2. Sunflower family, Asteraceae (Compositae).


Kinds of seed: Artichoke, cardoon, chicory, dandelion, endive, great burdock, lettuce, safflower, salsify, Louisiana sagewort, and sunflower.

- (a) **Lettuce.**
  - (1) **General description.**
    - (i) **Germination habit—** Epigeal dicot.
    - (ii) **Food reserves—** Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-like, and photosynthetic. The cotyledons of some varieties develop elongated petioles.
    - (iii) **Shoot system—** The hypocotyl elongates and carries the cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any development within the test period.
    - (iv) **Root system—** A long primary root.
    - (v) **Seedling—** The interpretations of lettuce seedlings are made only at the end of the test period.
  - (2) **Abnormal seedling description.**
    - (i) **Cotyledons—**
      - (A) **Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining attached.**
      - (B) **Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of necrosis or decay.** (Remove attached seed coat for evaluation of cotyledons. Physiological necrosis is manifested by discolored areas on the cotyledons and should not be confused with natural pigmentation of some lettuce varieties.)
    - (ii) **Epicotyl—**
      - (A) **Missing.** (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are intact.)
      - (B) **Any degree of necrosis or decay.**
    - (iii) **Hypocotyl—**
      - (A) **Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.**
      - (B) **Severely twisted or grainy.**
      - (C) **Watery.**
    - (iv) **Root—**
      - (A) **Stubby or missing primary root.** (Secondary roots will not compensate for a defective primary root.)
      - (B) **Primary root tip blunt, swollen, or discolored.** (Toxic materials in the substratum may cause short, blunt roots; see [§ 201.58(a)(9)](/cfr/7/201.58.md?p=a-9).)
      - (C) **Primary root with splits or lesions.**
    - (v) **Seedling—**
      - (A) **Swollen cotyledons associated with extremely short or vestigial hypocotyl and root.**
      - (B) **One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay from primary infection.**
      - (C) **Albino.**
- (b) **Other kinds in the sunflower family—** Artichoke, cardoon, chicory, dandelion, endive, great burdock, safflower, salsify, Louisiana sagewort, and sunflower.
  - (1) **General description.**
    - (i) **Germination habit—** Epigeal dicot.
    - (ii) **Food reserves—** Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-like, and photosynthetic.
    - (iii) **Shoot system—** The hypocotyl elongates and carries the cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any development within the test period.
    - (iv) **Root system—** A long primary root with secondary roots usually developing within the test period.
  - (2) **Abnormal seedling description.**
    - (i) **Cotyledons—**
      - (A) **Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining attached.**
      - (B) **Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of necrosis or decay.** (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)
    - (ii) **Epicotyl—**
      - (A) **Missing.** (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are intact.)
      - (B) [Reserved]
    - (iii) **Hypocotyl—**
      - (A) **Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.**
      - (B) **Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.**
      - (C) **Watery.**
    - (iv) **Root—**
      - (A) **None.**
      - (B) **Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or adventitious roots.** (Seedlings with roots bound within tough seed coats should be left in the test until the final count to allow for development.)
    - (v) **Seedling—**
      - (A) **One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay from primary infection.**
      - (B) **Albino.**

## Notes

### Amendments

[59 FR 64500, Dec. 14, 1994]

### Authority

Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1592.

### Amendments

[59 FR 64500, Dec. 14, 1994]