---
kind: "unit"
title: "49"
title_heading: "Transportation"
key: "subtA/part31"
level: "part"
label: "Part 31"
heading: "Program Fraud Civil Remedies"
release: "ecfr-current"
date: "2026-08-27"
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/49/subtA-part31"
sections_count: 47
---

# Part 31 — Program Fraud Civil Remedies

Title 49 C.F.R. — Transportation › Subtitle A — Office of the Secretary of Transportation

## Sections

- [§31.1. Basis and purpose.](/cfr/49/31.1.md)
- [§31.2. Definitions.](/cfr/49/31.2.md)
- [§31.3. Basis for civil penalties and assessments.](/cfr/49/31.3.md)
- [§31.4. Investigation.](/cfr/49/31.4.md)
- [§31.5. Review by the reviewing official.](/cfr/49/31.5.md)
- [§31.6. Prerequisites for issuing a complaint.](/cfr/49/31.6.md)
- [§31.7. Complaint.](/cfr/49/31.7.md)
- [§31.8. Service of complaint.](/cfr/49/31.8.md)
- [§31.9. Answer.](/cfr/49/31.9.md)
- [§31.10. Default upon failure to answer.](/cfr/49/31.10.md)
- [§31.11. Referral of complaint and answer to the ALJ.](/cfr/49/31.11.md)
- [§31.12. Notice of hearing.](/cfr/49/31.12.md)
- [§31.13. Parties to the hearing.](/cfr/49/31.13.md)
- [§31.14. Separation of functions.](/cfr/49/31.14.md)
- [§31.15. Ex parte contacts.](/cfr/49/31.15.md)
- [§31.16. Disqualification of reviewing official or ALJ.](/cfr/49/31.16.md)
- [§31.17. Rights of parties.](/cfr/49/31.17.md)
- [§31.18. Authority of the ALJ.](/cfr/49/31.18.md)
- [§31.19. Prehearing conferences.](/cfr/49/31.19.md)
- [§31.20. Disclosure of documents.](/cfr/49/31.20.md)
- [§31.21. Discovery.](/cfr/49/31.21.md)
- [§31.22. Exchange of witness lists, statements, and exhibits.](/cfr/49/31.22.md)
- [§31.23. Subpoenas for attendance at hearing.](/cfr/49/31.23.md)
- [§31.24. Protective order.](/cfr/49/31.24.md)
- [§31.25. Fees.](/cfr/49/31.25.md)
- [§31.26. Filing, form, and service of papers.](/cfr/49/31.26.md)
- [§31.27. Computation of time.](/cfr/49/31.27.md)
- [§31.28. Motions.](/cfr/49/31.28.md)
- [§31.29. Sanctions.](/cfr/49/31.29.md)
- [§31.30. The hearing and burden of proof.](/cfr/49/31.30.md)
- [§31.31. Determining the amount of penalties and assessments.](/cfr/49/31.31.md)
- [§31.32. Location of hearing.](/cfr/49/31.32.md)
- [§31.33. Witnesses.](/cfr/49/31.33.md)
- [§31.34. Evidence.](/cfr/49/31.34.md)
- [§31.35. The record.](/cfr/49/31.35.md)
- [§31.36. Post-hearing briefs.](/cfr/49/31.36.md)
- [§31.37. Initial decision.](/cfr/49/31.37.md)
- [§31.38. Reconsideration of initial decision.](/cfr/49/31.38.md)
- [§31.39. Appeal to authority head.](/cfr/49/31.39.md)
- [§31.40. Stays ordered by the Department of Justice.](/cfr/49/31.40.md)
- [§31.41. Stay pending appeal.](/cfr/49/31.41.md)
- [§31.42. Judicial review.](/cfr/49/31.42.md)
- [§31.43. Collection of civil penalties and assessments.](/cfr/49/31.43.md)
- [§31.44. Right to administrative offset.](/cfr/49/31.44.md)
- [§31.45. Deposit in Treasury of United States.](/cfr/49/31.45.md)
- [§31.46. Compromise or settlement.](/cfr/49/31.46.md)
- [§31.47. Limitations.](/cfr/49/31.47.md)