---
kind: "section"
citation: "45 C.F.R. § 689.1"
title: "45"
number: "689.1"
heading: "Definitions."
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/45/689.1"
---

# §689.1. Definitions.


The following definitions apply to this part:

- (a) Research misconduct means fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing or performing research funded by NSF, reviewing research proposals submitted to NSF, or in reporting research results funded by NSF.
  - (1) Fabrication means making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
  - (2) Falsification means manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record.
  - (3) Plagiarism means the appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results or words without giving appropriate credit.
  - (4) **Research,—** for purposes of [paragraph (a)](#a) of this section, includes proposals submitted to NSF in all fields of science, engineering, mathematics, and education and results from such proposals.
- (b) **Research misconduct—** does not include honest error or differences of opinion.

## Notes

### Authority

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 1870(a).

### Source

Source: 67 FR 11937, Mar. 18, 2002, unless otherwise noted.