---
kind: "section"
citation: "45 C.F.R. § 670.17"
title: "45"
number: "670.17"
heading: "Specific issuance criteria."
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/45/670.17"
---

# §670.17. Specific issuance criteria.


With the exception of specially protected species of mammals, birds, plants and invertebrates designated in subpart E of this part, permits to engage in a taking or harmful interference:

- (a) **May be issued only for the purpose of providing—**
  - (1) Specimens for scientific study or scientific information; or
  - (2) Specimens for museums, or other educational uses; or
  - (3) Specimens for zoological gardens, but with respect to native mammals or birds, only if such specimens cannot be obtained from existing captive collections elsewhere, or if there is a compelling conservation requirement; and
  - (4) For unavoidable consequences of scientific activities or the construction and operation of scientific support facilities; and
- (b) **Shall ensure, as far as possible, that—**
  - (1) No more native mammals, birds, plants or invertebrates are taken than are necessary to meet the purposes set forth in [paragraph (a)](#a) of this section;
  - (2) No more native mammals or native birds are taken in any year than can normally be replaced by net natural reproduction in the following breeding season;
  - (3) The variety of species and the balance of the natural ecological systems within Antarctica are maintained; and
  - (4) The authorized taking, transporting, carrying, or shipping of any native mammal or bird is carried out in a humane manner.

## Notes

### Amendments

[86 FR 27987, May 25, 2021]

### Authority

Authority: 16 U.S.C. 2405, as amended.

### Source

Source: 63 FR 50164, Sept. 21, 1998, unless otherwise noted.

### Amendments

[86 FR 27987, May 25, 2021]