---
kind: "section"
citation: "45 C.F.R. § 149.310"
title: "45"
number: "149.310"
heading: "Choice of health care professional."
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/45/149.310"
---

# §149.310. Choice of health care professional.

- (a) **Choice of health care professional—**
  - (1) **Designation of primary care provider—**
    - (i) **In general.** If a group health plan, or a health insurance issuer offering group or individual health insurance coverage, requires or provides for designation by a participant, beneficiary, or enrollee of a participating primary care provider, then the plan or issuer must permit each participant, beneficiary, or enrollee to designate any participating primary care provider who is available to accept the participant, beneficiary, or enrollee. In such a case, the plan or issuer must comply with the rules of [paragraph (a)(4)](#a-4) of this section by informing each participant (in the individual market, primary subscriber) of the terms of the plan or health insurance coverage regarding designation of a primary care provider.
    - (ii) **Construction.** Nothing in [paragraph (a)(1)(i)](#a-1-i) of this section is to be construed to prohibit the application of reasonable and appropriate geographic limitations with respect to the selection of primary care providers, in accordance with the terms of the plan or coverage, the underlying provider contracts, and applicable State law.
    - (iii) **Example.** The rules of this [paragraph (a)(1)](#a-1) are illustrated by the following example:
      - (A) **Facts.** A group health plan requires individuals covered under the plan to designate a primary care provider. The plan permits each individual to designate any primary care provider participating in the plan's network who is available to accept the individual as the individual's primary care provider. If an individual has not designated a primary care provider, the plan designates one until the individual has made a designation. The plan provides a notice that satisfies the requirements of [paragraph (a)(4)](#a-4) of this section regarding the ability to designate a primary care provider.
      - (B) **Conclusion.** In this Example, the plan has satisfied the requirements of [paragraph (a)](#a) of this section.
  - (2) **Designation of pediatrician as primary care provider—**
    - (i) **In general.** If a group health plan, or a health insurance issuer offering group or individual health insurance coverage, requires or provides for the designation of a participating primary care provider for a child by a participant, beneficiary, or enrollee, the plan or issuer must permit the participant, beneficiary, or enrollee to designate a physician (allopathic or osteopathic) who specializes in pediatrics (including pediatric subspecialties, based on the scope of that provider's license under applicable State law) as the child's primary care provider if the provider participates in the network of the plan or issuer and is available to accept the child. In such a case, the plan or issuer must comply with the rules of [paragraph (a)(4)](#a-4) of this section by informing each participant (in the individual market, primary subscriber) of the terms of the plan or health insurance coverage regarding designation of a pediatrician as the child's primary care provider.
    - (ii) **Construction.** Nothing in [paragraph (a)(2)(i)](#a-2-i) of this section is to be construed to waive any exclusions of coverage under the terms and conditions of the plan or health insurance coverage with respect to coverage of pediatric care.
    - (iii) **Examples.** The rules of this [paragraph (a)(2)](#a-2) are illustrated by the following examples:
      - (A) **Example 1—** (1) Facts. A group health plan's HMO designates for each participant a physician who specializes in internal medicine to serve as the primary care provider for the participant and any beneficiaries. Participant A requests that Pediatrician B be designated as the primary care provider for A's child. B is a participating provider in the HMO's network and is available to accept the child.

        (2) Conclusion. In this Example 1, the HMO must permit A's designation of B as the primary care provider for A's child in order to comply with the requirements of this [paragraph (a)(2)](#a-2).

      - (B) **Example 2—** (1) Facts. Same facts as Example 1 ([paragraph (a)(2)(iii)(A)](#a-2-iii-A) of this section), except that A takes A's child to B for treatment of the child's severe shellfish allergies. B wishes to refer A's child to an allergist for treatment. The HMO, however, does not provide coverage for treatment of food allergies, nor does it have an allergist participating in its network, and it therefore refuses to authorize the referral.

        (2) Conclusion. In this Example 2, the HMO has not violated the requirements of this [paragraph (a)(2)](#a-2) because the exclusion of treatment for food allergies is in accordance with the terms of A's coverage.

  - (3) **Patient access to obstetrical and gynecological care—**
    - (i) **General rights—**
      - (A) **Direct access.** A group health plan, or a health insurance issuer offering group or individual health insurance coverage, described in [paragraph (a)(3)(ii)](#a-3-ii) of this section, may not require authorization or referral by the plan, issuer, or any person (including a primary care provider) in the case of a female participant, beneficiary, or enrollee who seeks coverage for obstetrical or gynecological care provided by a participating health care professional who specializes in obstetrics or gynecology. In such a case, the plan or issuer must comply with the rules of [paragraph (a)(4)](#a-4) of this section by informing each participant (in the individual market, primary subscriber) that the plan may not require authorization or referral for obstetrical or gynecological care by a participating health care professional who specializes in obstetrics or gynecology. The plan or issuer may require such a professional to agree to otherwise adhere to the plan's or issuer's policies and procedures, including procedures regarding referrals and obtaining prior authorization and providing services pursuant to a treatment plan (if any) approved by the plan or issuer. For purposes of this [paragraph (a)(3)](#a-3), a health care professional who specializes in obstetrics or gynecology is any individual (including a person other than a physician) who is authorized under applicable State law to provide obstetrical or gynecological care.
      - (B) **Obstetrical and gynecological care.** A group health plan or health insurance issuer described in [paragraph (a)(3)(ii)](#a-3-ii) of this section must treat the provision of obstetrical and gynecological care, and the ordering of related obstetrical and gynecological items and services, pursuant to the direct access described under [paragraph (a)(3)(i)(A)](#a-3-i-A) of this section, by a participating health care professional who specializes in obstetrics or gynecology as the authorization of the primary care provider.
    - (ii) **Application of paragraph.** A group health plan, or a health insurance issuer offering group or individual health insurance coverage, is described in this [paragraph (a)(3)](#a-3) if the plan or issuer—
      - (A) Provides coverage for obstetrical or gynecological care; and
      - (B) Requires the designation by a participant, beneficiary, or enrollee of a participating primary care provider.
    - (iii) **Construction.** Nothing in [paragraph (a)(3)(i)](#a-3-i) of this section is to be construed to—
      - (A) Waive any exclusions of coverage under the terms and conditions of the plan or health insurance coverage with respect to coverage of obstetrical or gynecological care; or
      - (B) Preclude the group health plan or health insurance issuer involved from requiring that the obstetrical or gynecological provider notify the primary care health care professional or the plan or issuer of treatment decisions.
    - (iv) **Examples.** The rules of this [paragraph (a)(3)](#a-3) are illustrated by the following examples:
      - (A) **Example 1—** (1) Facts. A group health plan requires each participant to designate a physician to serve as the primary care provider for the participant and the participant's family. Participant A, a female, requests a gynecological exam with Physician B, an in-network physician specializing in gynecological care. The group health plan requires prior authorization from A's designated primary care provider for the gynecological exam.

        (2) Conclusion. In this Example 1, the group health plan has violated the requirements of this [paragraph (a)(3)](#a-3) because the plan requires prior authorization from A's primary care provider prior to obtaning gynecological services.

      - (B) **Example 2—** (1) Facts. Same facts as Example 1 ([paragraph (a)(3)(iv)(A)](#a-3-iv-A) of this section) except that A seeks gynecological services from C, an out-of-network provider.

        (2) Conclusion. In this Example 2, the group health plan has not violated the requirements of this [paragraph (a)(3)](#a-3) by requiring prior authorization because C is not a participating health care provider.

      - (C) **Example 3—** (1) Facts. Same facts as Example 1 ([paragraph (a)(3)(iv)(A)](#a-3-iv-A) of this section) except that the group health plan only requires B to inform A's designated primary care physician of treatment decisions.

        (2) Conclusion. In this Example 3, the group health plan has not violated the requirements of this [paragraph (a)(3)](#a-3) because A has direct access to B without prior authorization. The fact that the group health plan requires the designated primary care physician to be notified of treatment decisions does not violate this [paragraph (a)(3)](#a-3).

      - (D) **Example 4—** (1) Facts. A group health plan requires each participant to designate a physician to serve as the primary care provider for the participant and the participant's family. The group health plan requires prior authorization before providing benefits for uterine fibroid embolization.

        (2) Conclusion. In this Example 4, the plan requirement for prior authorization before providing benefits for uterine fibroid embolization does not violate the requirements of this [paragraph (a)(3)](#a-3) because, though the prior authorization requirement applies to obstetrical services, it does not restrict access to any providers specializing in obstetrics or gynecology.

  - (4) **Notice of right to designate a primary care provider—**
    - (i) **In general.** If a group health plan or health insurance issuer requires the designation by a participant, beneficiary, or enrollee of a primary care provider, the plan or issuer must provide a notice informing each participant (in the individual market, primary subscriber) of the terms of the plan or health insurance coverage regarding designation of a primary care provider and of the rights—
      - (A) Under [paragraph (a)(1)(i)](#a-1-i) of this section, that any participating primary care provider who is available to accept the participant, beneficiary, or enrollee can be designated;
      - (B) Under [paragraph (a)(2)(i)](#a-2-i) of this section, with respect to a child, that any participating physician who specializes in pediatrics can be designated as the primary care provider; and
      - (C) Under [paragraph (a)(3)(i)](#a-3-i) of this section, that the plan may not require authorization or referral for obstetrical or gynecological care by a participating health care professional who specializes in obstetrics or gynecology.
    - (ii) **Timing.** In the case of a group health plan or group health insurance coverage, the notice described in [paragraph (a)(4)(i)](#a-4-i) of this section must be included whenever the plan or issuer provides a participant with a summary plan description or other similar description of benefits under the plan or health insurance coverage. In the case of individual health insurance coverage, the notice described in [paragraph (a)(4)(i)](#a-4-i) of this section must be included whenever the issuer provides a primary subscriber with a policy, certificate, or contract of health insurance.
    - (iii) **Model language.** The following model language can be used to satisfy the notice requirement described in [paragraph (a)(4)(i)](#a-4-i) of this section:
      - (A) For plans and issuers that require or allow for the designation of primary care providers by participants, beneficiaries, or enrollees, insert:
      - (B) For plans and issuers that require or allow for the designation of a primary care provider for a child, add:
      - (C) For plans and issuers that provide coverage for obstetric or gynecological care and require the designation by a participant, beneficiary, or enrollee of a primary care provider, add:
- (b) **Applicability date.** The provisions of this section are applicable with respect to plan years (in the individual market, policy years) beginning on or after January 1, 2022.

## Notes

### Authority

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300gg-92 and 300gg-111 through 300gg-139, as amended.

### Source

Source: 86 FR 36970, July 13, 2021, unless otherwise noted.