---
kind: "range"
citation: "31 C.F.R. §§ 1010.610–1010.630"
title: "31"
from: "1010.610"
to: "1010.630"
count: 3
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/31/1010.610..1010.630"
---

# §1010.610. Due diligence programs for correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions.

- (a) **In general.** A covered financial institution shall establish a due diligence program that includes appropriate, specific, risk-based, and, where necessary, enhanced policies, procedures, and controls that are reasonably designed to enable the covered financial institution to detect and report, on an ongoing basis, any known or suspected money laundering activity conducted through or involving any correspondent account established, maintained, administered, or managed by such covered financial institution in the United States for a foreign financial institution. The due diligence program required by this section shall be a part of the anti-money laundering program otherwise required by this chapter. Such policies, procedures, and controls shall include:
  - (1) Determining whether any such correspondent account is subject to [paragraph (b)](#b) of this section;
  - (2) Assessing the money laundering risk presented by such correspondent account, based on a consideration of all relevant factors, which shall include, as appropriate:
    - (i) The nature of the foreign financial institution's business and the markets it serves;
    - (ii) The type, purpose, and anticipated activity of such correspondent account;
    - (iii) The nature and duration of the covered financial institution's relationship with the foreign financial institution (and any of its affiliates);
    - (iv) The anti-money laundering and supervisory regime of the jurisdiction that issued the charter or license to the foreign financial institution, and, to the extent that information regarding such jurisdiction is reasonably available, of the jurisdiction in which any company that is an owner of the foreign financial institution is incorporated or chartered; and
    - (v) Information known or reasonably available to the covered financial institution about the foreign financial institution's anti-money laundering record; and
  - (3) Applying risk-based procedures and controls to each such correspondent account reasonably designed to detect and report known or suspected money laundering activity, including a periodic review of the correspondent account activity sufficient to determine consistency with information obtained about the type, purpose, and anticipated activity of the account.
- (b) **Enhanced due diligence for certain foreign banks.** In the case of a correspondent account established, maintained, administered, or managed in the United States for a foreign bank described in [paragraph (c)](#c) of this section, the due diligence program required by [paragraph (a)](#a) of this section shall include enhanced due diligence procedures designed to ensure that the covered financial institution, at a minimum, takes reasonable steps to:
  - (1) Conduct enhanced scrutiny of such correspondent account to guard against money laundering and to identify and report any suspicious transactions in accordance with applicable law and regulation. This enhanced scrutiny shall reflect the risk assessment of the account and shall include, as appropriate:
    - (i) Obtaining and considering information relating to the foreign bank's anti-money laundering program to assess the risk of money laundering presented by the foreign bank's correspondent account;
    - (ii) Monitoring transactions to, from, or through the correspondent account in a manner reasonably designed to detect money laundering and suspicious activity; and
    - (iii)
      - (A) Obtaining information from the foreign bank about the identity of any person with authority to direct transactions through any correspondent account that is a payable-through account, and the sources and beneficial owner of funds or other assets in the payable-through account.
      - (B) For purposes of [paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(A)](#b-1-iii-A) of this section, a payable-through account means a correspondent account maintained by a covered financial institution for a foreign bank by means of which the foreign bank permits its customers to engage, either directly or through a subaccount, in banking activities usual in connection with the business of banking in the United States.
  - (2) Determine whether the foreign bank for which the correspondent account is established or maintained in turn maintains correspondent accounts for other foreign banks that use the foreign correspondent account established or maintained by the covered financial institution and, if so, take reasonable steps to obtain information relevant to assess and mitigate money laundering risks associated with the foreign bank's correspondent accounts for other foreign banks, including, as appropriate, the identity of those foreign banks.
  - (3)
    - (i) Determine, for any correspondent account established or maintained for a foreign bank whose shares are not publicly traded, the identity of each owner of the foreign bank and the nature and extent of each owner's ownership interest.
    - (ii) **For purposes of paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section—**
      - (A) Owner means any person who directly or indirectly owns, controls, or has the power to vote 10 percent or more of any class of securities of a foreign bank. For purposes of this [paragraph (b)(3)(ii)(A)](#b-3-ii-A):

        (1) Members of the same family shall be considered to be one person; and

        (2) Same family has the meaning provided in [§ 1010.605(j)(2)(ii)](/cfr/31/1010.605.md?p=j-2-ii).

      - (B) Publicly traded means shares that are traded on an exchange or an organized over-the-counter market that is regulated by a foreign securities authority as defined in section 3(a)(50) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ([15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(50)](/usc/15/78c.md?p=a-50)).
- (c) **Foreign banks to be accorded enhanced due diligence.** The due diligence procedures described in [paragraph (b)](#b) of this section are required for any correspondent account maintained for a foreign bank that operates under:
  - (1) An offshore banking license;
  - (2) A banking license issued by a foreign country that has been designated as non-cooperative with international anti-money laundering principles or procedures by an intergovernmental group or organization of which the United States is a member and with which designation the U.S. representative to the group or organization concurs; or
  - (3) A banking license issued by a foreign country that has been designated by the Secretary as warranting special measures due to money laundering concerns.
- (d) **Special procedures when due diligence or enhanced due diligence cannot be performed.** The due diligence program required by paragraphs [(a)](#a) and [(b)](#b) of this section shall include procedures to be followed in circumstances in which a covered financial institution cannot perform appropriate due diligence or enhanced due diligence with respect to a correspondent account, including when the covered financial institution should refuse to open the account, suspend transaction activity, file a suspicious activity report, or close the account.
- (e) **Applicability rules for general due diligence.** The provisions of [paragraph (a)](#a) of this section apply to covered financial institutions as follows:
  - (1) **General rules—**
    - (i) **Correspondent accounts established on or after July 5, 2006.** Effective July 5, 2006, the requirements of [paragraph (a)](#a) of this section shall apply to each correspondent account established on or after that date.
    - (ii) **Correspondent accounts established before July 5, 2006.** Effective October 2, 2006, the requirements of [paragraph (a)](#a) of this section shall apply to each correspondent account established before July 5, 2006.
  - (2) **Special rules for certain banks.** Until the requirements of [paragraph (a)](#a) of this section become applicable as set forth in [paragraph (e)(1)](#e-1) of this section, the due diligence requirements of [31 U.S.C. 5318(i)(1)](/usc/31/5318.md?p=i-1) shall continue to apply to any covered financial institution listed in [§ 1010.605(e)(1)(i) through (vi)](/cfr/31/1010.605.md?p=e-1-i..e-1-vi).
  - (3) **Special rules for all other covered financial institutions.** The due diligence requirements of [31 U.S.C. 5318(i)(1)](/usc/31/5318.md?p=i-1) shall not apply to a covered financial institution listed in [§ 1010.605(e)(1)(vii) through (x)](/cfr/31/1010.605.md?p=e-1-vii..e-1-x) until the requirements of [paragraph (a)](#a) of this section become applicable as set forth in [paragraph (e)(1)](#e-1) of this section.
- (f) **Applicability rules for enhanced due diligence.** The provisions of [paragraph (b)](#b) of this section apply to covered financial institutions as follows:
  - (1) **General rules—**
    - (i) **Correspondent accounts established on or after February 5, 2008.** Effective February 5, 2008, the requirements of [paragraph (b)](#b) of this section shall apply to each correspondent account established on or after such date.
    - (ii) **Correspondent accounts established before February 5, 2008.** Effective May 5, 2008, the requirements of [paragraph (b)](#b) of this section shall apply to each correspondent account established before February 5, 2008.
  - (2) **Special rules for certain banks.** Until the requirements of [paragraph (b)](#b) of this section become applicable as set forth in [paragraph (f)(1)](#f-1) of this section, the enhanced due diligence requirements of [31 U.S.C. 5318(i)(2)](/usc/31/5318.md?p=i-2) shall continue to apply to any covered financial institutions listed in [§ 1010.605(e)(1)(i) through (vi)](/cfr/31/1010.605.md?p=e-1-i..e-1-vi).
  - (3) **Special rules for all other covered financial institutions.** The enhanced due diligence requirements of [31 U.S.C. 5318(i)(2)](/usc/31/5318.md?p=i-2) shall not apply to a covered financial institution listed in [§ 1010.605(e)(1)(vii) through (x)](/cfr/31/1010.605.md?p=e-1-vii..e-1-x) until the requirements of [paragraph (b)](#b) of this section become applicable, as set forth in [paragraph (f)(1)](#f-1) of this section.
- (g) **Exemptions—**
  - (1) **Exempt financial institutions.** Except as provided in this section, a financial institution defined in 31 U.S.C. [5312(a)(2)](/usc/31/5312.md?p=a-2) or [(c)(1)](/usc/31/5312.md?p=c-1), or [§ 1010.100(t)](/cfr/31/1010.100.md?p=t) is exempt from the requirements of 31 U.S.C. [5318(i)(1)](/usc/31/5318.md?p=i-1) and [(i)(2)](/usc/31/5318.md?p=i-2) pertaining to correspondent accounts.
  - (2) **Other compliance obligations of financial institutions unaffected.** Nothing in [paragraph (g)](#g) of this section shall be construed to relieve a financial institution from its responsibility to comply with any other applicable requirement of law or regulation, including [title 31](/cfr/31.md), United States Code, and this chapter.

# §1010.620. Due diligence programs for private banking accounts.

- (a) **In general.** A covered financial institution shall maintain a due diligence program that includes policies, procedures, and controls that are reasonably designed to detect and report any known or suspected money laundering or suspicious activity conducted through or involving any private banking account that is established, maintained, administered, or managed in the United States by such financial institution. The due diligence program required by this section shall be a part of the anti-money laundering program otherwise required by this chapter.
- (b) **Minimum requirements.** The due diligence program required by [paragraph (a)](#a) of this section shall be designed to ensure, at a minimum, that the financial institution takes reasonable steps to:
  - (1) Ascertain the identity of all nominal and beneficial owners of a private banking account;
  - (2) Ascertain whether any person identified under [paragraph (b)(1)](#b-1) of this section is a senior foreign political figure;
  - (3) Ascertain the source(s) of funds deposited into a private banking account and the purpose and expected use of the account; and
  - (4) Review the activity of the account to ensure that it is consistent with the information obtained about the client's source of funds, and with the stated purpose and expected use of the account, as needed to guard against money laundering, and to report, in accordance with applicable law and regulation, any known or suspected money laundering or suspicious activity conducted to, from, or through a private banking account.
- (c) **Special requirements for senior foreign political figures.**
  - (1) In the case of a private banking account for which a senior foreign political figure is a nominal or beneficial owner, the due diligence program required by [paragraph (a)](#a) of this section shall include enhanced scrutiny of such account that is reasonably designed to detect and report transactions that may involve the proceeds of foreign corruption.
  - (2) For purposes of this [paragraph (c)](#c), the term proceeds of foreign corruption means any asset or property that is acquired by, through, or on behalf of a senior foreign political figure through misappropriation, theft, or embezzlement of public funds, the unlawful conversion of property of a foreign government, or through acts of bribery or extortion, and shall include any other property into which any such assets have been transformed or converted.
- (d) **Special procedures when due diligence cannot be performed.** The due diligence program required by [paragraph (a)](#a) of this section shall include procedures to be followed in circumstances in which a covered financial institution cannot perform appropriate due diligence with respect to a private banking account, including when the covered financial institution should refuse to open the account, suspend transaction activity, file a suspicious activity report, or close the account.
- (e) **Applicability rules.** The provisions of this section apply to covered financial institutions as follows:
  - (1) **General rules—**
    - (i) **Private banking accounts established on or after July 5, 2006.** Effective July 5, 2006, the requirements of this section shall apply to each private banking account established on or after such date.
    - (ii) **Private banking accounts established before July 5, 2006.** Effective October 2, 2006, the requirements of this section shall apply to each private banking account established before July 5, 2006.
  - (2) **Special rules for certain banks and for brokers or dealers in securities, futures commission merchants, and introducing brokers.** Until the requirements of this section become applicable as set forth in [paragraph (e)(1)](#e-1) of this section, the requirements of [31 U.S.C. 5318(i)(3)](/usc/31/5318.md?p=i-3) shall continue to apply to a covered financial institution listed in § [1010.605(e)(1)(i) through (vi)](/cfr/31/1010.605.md?p=e-1-i..e-1-vi), [(viii)](/cfr/31/1010.605.md?p=e-1-viii), or [(ix)](/cfr/31/1010.605.md?p=e-1-ix).
  - (3) **Special rules for federally regulated trust banks or trust companies, and mutual funds.** Until the requirements of this section become applicable as set forth in [paragraph (e)(1)](#e-1) of this section, the requirements of [31 U.S.C. 5318(i)(3)](/usc/31/5318.md?p=i-3) shall not apply to a covered financial institution listed in § [1010.605(e)(1)(vii)](/cfr/31/1010.605.md?p=e-1-vii) or [(x)](/cfr/31/1010.605.md?p=e-1-x).
  - (4) **Exemptions—**
    - (i) **Exempt financial institutions.** Except as provided in this section, a financial institution defined in 31 U.S.C. [5312(a)(2)](/usc/31/5312.md?p=a-2) or [(c)(1)](/usc/31/5312.md?p=c-1) or [§ 1010.100(t)](/cfr/31/1010.100.md?p=t) is exempt from the requirements of [31 U.S.C. 5318(i)(3)](/usc/31/5318.md?p=i-3) pertaining to private banking accounts.
    - (ii) **Other compliance obligations of financial institutions unaffected.** Nothing in [paragraph (e)(4)](#e-4) of this section shall be construed to relieve a financial institution from its responsibility to comply with any other applicable requirement of law or regulation, including [title 31](/cfr/31.md), United States Code, and this chapter.

# §1010.630. Prohibition on correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks; records concerning owners of foreign banks and agents for service of legal process.

- (a) **Requirements for covered financial institutions—**
  - (1) **Prohibition on correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks.**
    - (i) A covered financial institution shall not establish, maintain, administer, or manage a correspondent account in the United States for, or on behalf of, a foreign shell bank.
    - (ii) A covered financial institution shall take reasonable steps to ensure that any correspondent account established, maintained, administered, or managed by that covered financial institution in the United States for a foreign bank is not being used by that foreign bank to indirectly provide banking services to a foreign shell bank.
    - (iii) Nothing in [paragraph (a)(1)](#a-1) of this section prohibits a covered financial institution from providing a correspondent account or banking services to a regulated affiliate.
  - (2) **Records of owners and agents.**
    - (i) Except as provided in [paragraph (a)(2)(ii)](#a-2-ii) of this section, a covered financial institution that maintains a correspondent account in the United States for a foreign bank shall maintain records in the United States identifying the owners of each such foreign bank whose shares are not publicly traded and the name and street address of a person who resides in the United States and is authorized, and has agreed to be an agent to accept service of legal process for records regarding each such account.
    - (ii) A covered financial institution need not maintain records of the owners of any foreign bank that is required to have on file with the Federal Reserve Board a Form FR Y-7 that identifies the current owners of the foreign bank as required by such form.
    - (iii) For purposes of [paragraph (a)(2)(i)](#a-2-i) of this section, publicly traded refers to shares that are traded on an exchange or on an organized over-the-counter market that is regulated by a foreign securities authority as defined in section 3(a)(50) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ([15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(50)](/usc/15/78c.md?p=a-50)).
- (b) **Safe harbor.** Subject to paragraphs [(c)](#c) and [(d)](#d) of this section, a covered financial institution will be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of [paragraph (a)](#a) of this section with respect to a foreign bank if the covered financial institution obtains, at least once every three years, a certification or recertification from the foreign bank.
- (c) **Interim verification.** If at any time a covered financial institution knows, suspects, or has reason to suspect, that any information contained in a certification or recertification provided by a foreign bank, or otherwise relied upon by the covered financial institution for purposes of this section, is no longer correct, the covered financial institution shall request that the foreign bank verify or correct such information, or shall take other appropriate measures to ascertain the accuracy of the information or to obtain correct information, as appropriate. See [paragraph (d)(3)](#d-3) of this section for additional requirements if a foreign bank fails to verify or correct the information or if a covered financial institution cannot ascertain the accuracy of the information or obtain correct information.
- (d) **Closure of correspondent accounts—**
  - (1) **Accounts existing on October 28, 2002.** In the case of any correspondent account that was in existence on October 28, 2002, if the covered financial institution has not obtained a certification (or recertification) from the foreign bank, or has not otherwise obtained documentation of the information required by such certification (or recertification), on or before March 31, 2003, and at least once every three years thereafter, the covered financial institution shall close all correspondent accounts with such foreign bank within a commercially reasonable time, and shall not permit the foreign bank to establish any new positions or execute any transaction through any such account, other than transactions necessary to close the account.
  - (2) **Accounts established after October 28, 2002.** In the case of any correspondent account established after October 28, 2002, if the covered financial institution has not obtained a certification (or recertification), or has not otherwise obtained documentation of the information required by such certification (or recertification) within 30 calendar days after the date the account is established, and at least once every three years thereafter, the covered financial institution shall close all correspondent accounts with such foreign bank within a commercially reasonable time, and shall not permit the foreign bank to establish any new positions or execute any transaction through any such account, other than transactions necessary to close the account.
  - (3) **Verification of previously provided information.** In the case of a foreign bank with respect to which the covered financial institution undertakes to verify information pursuant to [paragraph (c)](#c) of this section, if the covered financial institution has not obtained, from the foreign bank or otherwise, verification of the information or corrected information within 90 calendar days after the date of undertaking the verification, the covered financial institution shall close all correspondent accounts with such foreign bank within a commercially reasonable time, and shall not permit the foreign bank to establish any new positions or execute any transaction through any such account, other than transactions necessary to close the account.
  - (4) **Reestablishment of closed accounts and establishment of new accounts.** A covered financial institution shall not reestablish any account closed pursuant to this [paragraph (d)](#d), and shall not establish any other correspondent account with the concerned foreign bank, until it obtains from the foreign bank the certification or the recertification, as appropriate.
  - (5) **Limitation on liability.** A covered financial institution shall not be liable to any person in any court or arbitration proceeding for terminating a correspondent account in accordance with this [paragraph (d)](#d).
- (e) **Recordkeeping requirement.** A covered financial institution shall retain the original of any document provided by a foreign bank, and the original or a copy of any document otherwise relied upon by the covered financial institution, for purposes of this section, for at least 5 years after the date that the covered financial institution no longer maintains any correspondent account for such foreign bank. A covered financial institution shall retain such records with respect to any foreign bank for such longer period as the Secretary may direct.
- (f) **Special rules concerning information requested prior to October 28, 2002—**
  - (1) **Definition.** For purposes of this [paragraph (f)](#f) the term “Interim Guidance” means:
    - (i) The Interim Guidance of the Department of the Treasury dated November 20, 2001 and published in the Federal Register on November 27, 2001; or
    - (ii) **The guidance issued in a document published in the <I>Federal Register</I> on December 28, 2001.**
  - (2) **Use of Interim Guidance certification.** In the case of a correspondent account in existence on October 28, 2002, the term “certification” as used in paragraphs [(b)](#b), [(c)](#c), [(d)(1)](#d-1), and [(d)(3)](#d-3) of this section shall also include the certification appended to the Interim Guidance, provided that such certification was requested prior to October 28, 2002 and obtained by the covered financial institution on or before December 26, 2002.
  - (3) **Recordkeeping requirement.** [Paragraph (e)](#e) of this section shall apply to any document provided by a foreign bank, or otherwise relied upon by a covered financial institution, for purposes of the Interim Guidance.