---
kind: "section"
citation: "29 C.F.R. § 452.110"
title: "29"
number: "452.110"
heading: "Adequate safeguards."
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/29/452.110"
---

# §452.110. Adequate safeguards.

- (a) In addition to the election safeguards discussed in this part, the Act contains a general mandate in [section 401(c)](/cfr/29/401.md?p=c), that adequate safeguards to insure a fair election shall be provided. Such safeguards are not required to be included in the union's constitution and bylaws, but they must be observed. A labor organization's wide range of discretion regarding the conduct of elections is thus circumscribed by a general rule of fairness. For example, if one candidate is permitted to have his nickname appear on the ballot, his opponent should enjoy the same privilege.
- (b) A union's failure to provide voters with adequate instructions for properly casting their ballots may violate the requirement of adequate safeguards to insure a fair election.

## Notes

### Authority

Authority: Secs. 401, 402, 73 Stat. 532, 534 (29 U.S.C. 481, 482); Secretary's Order No. 03-2012, 77 FR 69376, November 16, 2012.

### Source

Source: 38 FR 18324, July 9, 1973, unless otherwise noted.