---
kind: "section"
citation: "29 C.F.R. § 4281.13"
title: "29"
number: "4281.13"
heading: "Benefit valuation methods—in general."
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/29/4281.13"
---

# §4281.13. Benefit valuation methods—in general.


Except as otherwise provided in [§ 4281.16](/cfr/29/4281.16.md) (regarding plans that are closing out), the plan sponsor must value benefits as of the valuation date by—

- (a) Using the interest assumptions under [§ 4044.54](/cfr/29/4044.54.md) of this chapter;
- (b) Using the mortality assumptions under [§ 4044.53](/cfr/29/4044.53.md) of this chapter;
- (c) Using interpolation methods, where necessary, at least as accurate as linear interpolation;
- (d) Applying valuation formulas that accord with generally accepted actuarial principles and practices; and
- (e) Adjusting the values to reflect the loading for expenses in accordance with [§ 4044.52(d)](/cfr/29/4044.52.md?p=d) of this chapter.

## Notes

### Amendments

[61 FR 34118, July 1, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 38307, July 16, 1998; 84 FR 18726, May 2, 2019; 89 FR 48309, June 6, 2024; 90 FR 39329, Aug. 15, 2025]

### Authority

Authority: 29 U.S.C. 1302(b)(3), 1341(a), 1399(c)(1)(D), 1431, and 1441.

### Source

Source: 61 FR 34118, July 1, 1996, unless otherwise noted.

### Amendments

[61 FR 34118, July 1, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 38307, July 16, 1998; 84 FR 18726, May 2, 2019; 89 FR 48309, June 6, 2024; 90 FR 39329, Aug. 15, 2025]