---
kind: "section"
citation: "29 C.F.R. § 1620.23"
title: "29"
number: "1620.23"
heading: "Collective bargaining agreements not a defense."
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/29/1620.23"
---

# §1620.23. Collective bargaining agreements not a defense.


The establishment by collective bargaining or inclusion in a collective bargaining agreement of unequal rates of pay does not constitute a defense available to either an employer or to a labor organization. Any and all provisions in a collective bargaining agreement which provide unequal rates of pay in conflict with the requirements of the EPA are null and void and of no effect.


## Notes

### Authority

Authority: Sec. 1-19, 52 Stat. 1060, as amended; sec. 10, 61 Stat. 84; Pub. L. 88-38, 77 Stat. 56 (29 U.S.C. 201 et seq. ); sec. 1, Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, 43 FR 19807; E.O. 12144, 44 FR 37193.

### Source

Source: 51 FR 29819, Aug. 20, 1986, unless otherwise noted.