---
kind: "section"
citation: "28 C.F.R. § 51.58"
title: "28"
number: "51.58"
heading: "Representation."
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/28/51.58"
---

# §51.58. Representation.

- (a) **Introduction.** This section and the sections that follow set forth factors—in addition to those set forth above—that the Attorney General considers in reviewing redistrictings (see [§ 51.59](/cfr/28/51.59.md)), changes in electoral systems (see [§ 51.60](/cfr/28/51.60.md)), and annexations (see [§ 51.61](/cfr/28/51.61.md)).
- (b) **Background factors.** In making determinations with respect to these changes involving voting practices and procedures, the Attorney General will consider as important background information the following factors:
  - (1) The extent to which minorities have been denied an equal opportunity to participate meaningfully in the political process in the jurisdiction.
  - (2) The extent to which voting in the jurisdiction is racially polarized and election-related activities are racially segregated.
  - (3) The extent to which the voter registration and election participation of minority voters have been adversely affected by present or past discrimination.

## Notes

### Amendments

[52 FR 490, Jan. 6, 1987, as amended by Order No. 3262-2011, 76 FR 21249, Apr. 15, 2011]

### Authority

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 28 U.S.C. 509, 510, and 42 U.S.C. 1973b, 1973c.

### Source

Source: 52 FR 490, Jan. 6, 1987, unless otherwise noted.

### Amendments

[52 FR 490, Jan. 6, 1987, as amended by Order No. 3262-2011, 76 FR 21249, Apr. 15, 2011]