---
kind: "range"
citation: "20 C.F.R. §§ 416.1130–416.1140"
title: "20"
from: "416.1130"
to: "416.1140"
count: 5
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/20/416.1130..416.1140"
---

# §416.1130. Introduction.

- (a) **General.** Both earned income and unearned income include items received in- kind (see [§ 416.1102](/cfr/20/416.1102.md)). Generally, we value in-kind items at their current market value, and we apply the various exclusions for both earned and unearned income. However, we have special rules for valuing shelter that is received as in-kind support and maintenance (a type of unearned income). This section and the ones that follow discuss these rules. In these sections (i.e., [§§ 416.1130 through 416.1148](/cfr/20/416.1130..416.1148.md)) we use the in-kind support and maintenance you receive in the month as described in [§ 416.420](/cfr/20/416.420.md) to determine your SSI benefit. We value the in-kind support and maintenance using the Federal benefit rate for the month in which you receive it. Exception: For the first 2 months for which a cost-of-living adjustment applies, we value in-kind support and maintenance you receive using the VTR or PMV based on the Federal benefit rate as increased by the cost-of-living adjustment.

  Example: Mr. Jones resides in his son's house and receives all of his meals from his son. Mr. Jones receives a monthly SSI Federal benefit rate that is reduced by one-third. This one-third represents the value of the in-kind support and maintenance he receives because he lives, throughout a month, in the household of his son, who provides all of his food and shelter. In January, we increase his SSI benefit because of a cost-of-living adjustment. For that month, we determine that the VTR rule applies by considering the food and shelter he received from his son two months earlier in November, and we calculate the SSI payment using the Federal benefit rate for January.

- (b) **How we calculate in-kind support and maintenance.**
  - (1) We calculate in-kind support and maintenance considering any shelter that is given to you or that you receive because someone else pays for it. Shelter includes room, rent, mortgage payments, real property taxes, heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, sewerage, and garbage collection services. You are not receiving in-kind support and maintenance in the form of room or rent if you are paying the amount charged under a business arrangement. A business arrangement exists when the amount of monthly required rent to be paid equals or exceeds the presumed maximum value described in [§ 416.1140(a)(1)](/cfr/20/416.1140.md?p=a-1). If the required amount of rent is less than the presumed maximum value, we will impute as in-kind support and maintenance the difference between the required amount of rent and either the presumed maximum value or the current market rental value (see [§ 416.1101](/cfr/20/416.1101.md)), whichever is less. In addition, cash payments to uniformed service members as allowances for on-base housing or privatized military housing are in-kind support and maintenance.
  - (2) **We have two rules for valuing the in-kind support and maintenance that we count.** The one-third reduction rule applies if you are living in another person's household, you receive shelter from others living in the household, and others within the household pay for or provide you with all of your meals (see [§§ 416.1131 through 416.1133](/cfr/20/416.1131..416.1133.md)). The presumed value rule applies in all other situations in which you receive countable in-kind support and maintenance (see [§§ 416.1140 through 416.1145](/cfr/20/416.1140..416.1145.md)). If certain conditions exist, we do not count in-kind support and maintenance. These conditions are discussed in [§§ 416.1141 through 416.1145](/cfr/20/416.1141..416.1145.md).

# §416.1131. The one-third reduction rule.

- (a) **What the rule is.** Instead of determining the actual dollar value of in-kind support and maintenance, we count one-third of the Federal benefit rate as additional income if you (or you and your eligible spouse)—
  - (1) Live in another person's household (see [§ 416.1132](/cfr/20/416.1132.md)) for a full calendar month except for temporary absences (see [§ 416.1149](/cfr/20/416.1149.md)); and
  - (2) **Receive shelter from others living in the household.** (If you do not receive shelter from others living in the household, see [§ 416.1140](/cfr/20/416.1140.md)); and
  - (3) **Others within the household pay for or provide you with all of your meals.** If others within the household do not pay for or provide you with all of your meals, any ISM received for shelter will be calculated under the PMV rule (see [§ 416.1140](/cfr/20/416.1140.md)).
- (b) **How we apply the one-third reduction rule.** The one-third reduction applies in full or not at all. When you are living in another person's household, and the one-third reduction rule applies, we do not apply any income exclusions to the reduction amount. However, we do apply appropriate exclusions to any other earned or unearned income you receive. If you have an eligible spouse we apply the rules described in [§ 416.1147](/cfr/20/416.1147.md).
- (c) **If you receive other support and maintenance.** If the one-third reduction rule applies to you, we do not count any other in-kind support and maintenance you receive.

# §416.1132. What we mean by “living in another person's household”.

- (a) **Household.** For purposes of this subpart, we consider a household to be a personal place of residence. A commercial establishment such as a hotel or boarding house is not a household but a household can exist within a commercial establishment. If you live in a commercial establishment, we do not automatically consider you to be a member of the household of the proprietor. You may, however, live in the household of a roomer or boarder within the hotel or boarding house. An institution is not a household and a household cannot exist within an institution. (Institution is defined in [§ 416.1101](/cfr/20/416.1101.md).)
- (b) **Another person's household.** You live in another person's household if [paragraph (c)](#c) of this section does not apply and if the person who supplies the support and maintenance lives in the same household and is not—
  - (1) Your spouse (as defined in [§ 416.1806](/cfr/20/416.1806.md));
  - (2) A minor child; or
  - (3) An ineligible person (your spouse, parent, or essential person) whose income may be deemed to you as described in [§§ 416.1160 through 416.1169](/cfr/20/416.1160..416.1169.md).
- (c) **Your own household—not another person's household.** You are not living in another person's household (you live in your own household) if—
  - (1) You (or your spouse who lives with you or any person whose income is deemed to you) have an ownership interest or a life estate interest in the home;
  - (2) You (or your spouse who lives with you or any person whose income is deemed to you) are liable to the landlord for payment of any part of the rental charges;
  - (3) You live in a noninstitutional care situation as described in [§ 416.1143](/cfr/20/416.1143.md);
  - (4) You pay at least a pro rata share of household and operating expenses (see [§ 416.1133](/cfr/20/416.1133.md)); or
  - (5) **All members of the household receive public income—** maintenance payments ([§ 416.1142](/cfr/20/416.1142.md)).

# §416.1133. What is a pro rata share of household operating expenses.

- (a) **General.** If you pay your pro rata share toward monthly household operating expenses, you are living in your own household and are not receiving in-kind support and maintenance from anyone else in the household. The one-third reduction, therefore, does not apply to you. (If you are receiving shelter from someone outside the household, we value it under the rule in [§ 416.1140](/cfr/20/416.1140.md).)
- (b) **How we determine a pro rata share.** Your pro rata share of household operating expenses is the average monthly household operating expenses (based on a reasonable estimate if exact figures are not available) divided by the number of people in the household, regardless of age.
- (c) Household operating expenses are the household's total monthly expenditures for rent, mortgage, property taxes, heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, sewerage, and garbage collection service. (The term does not include the cost of these items if someone outside the household pays for them.) Generally, we average household operating expenses over the past 12 months to determine a pro rata share.

# §416.1140. The presumed value rule.

- (a) **How we apply the presumed value rule.**
  - (1) When you receive in-kind support and maintenance and the one-third reduction rule does not apply, we use the presumed value rule. Instead of determining the actual dollar value of any shelter you receive, we presume that it is worth a maximum value. This maximum value is one-third of your Federal benefit rate plus the amount of the general income exclusion described in [§ 416.1124(c)(12)](/cfr/20/416.1124.md?p=c-12).
  - (2) The presumed value rule allows you to show that your in-kind support and maintenance is not equal to the presumed value. We will not use the presumed value if you show us that—
    - (i) The current market value of any shelter you receive, minus any payment you make for it, is lower than the presumed value; or
    - (ii) **The actual amount someone else pays for your shelter is lower than the presumed value.**
- (b) **How we determine the amount of your ISM under the presumed value rule.**
  - (1) If you choose not to question the use of the presumed value, or if the presumed value is less than the actual value of the shelter you receive, we use the presumed value to figure your ISM.
  - (2) If you show us, as provided in [paragraph (a)(2)](#a-2) of this section, that the presumed value is higher than the actual value of the shelter you receive, we use the actual amount to figure your ISM.