---
kind: "section"
citation: "15 C.F.R. § 231.105"
title: "15"
number: "231.105"
heading: "Joint research."
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/15/231.105"
---

# §231.105. Joint research.

- (a) Joint research means any research and development activity that is jointly undertaken by two or more parties, including any research and development activities undertaken as part of a joint venture as defined at [15 U.S.C. 4301(a)(6)](/usc/15/4301.md?p=a-6).
- (b) **Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, the following is not joint research—**
  - (1) A standards-related activity (as such term is defined in [15 CFR part 772](/cfr/15/part772.md));
  - (2) Research and development conducted exclusively between and among employees of a covered entity or between and among entities that are related entities to the covered entity;
  - (3) Research, development, or engineering related to a manufacturing process for an existing product solely to enable use of foundry, assembly, test, or packaging services for integrated circuits;
  - (4) Research, development, or engineering involving two or more entities to establish or apply a drawing, design, or related specification for a product to be purchased and sold between or among such entities; and
  - (5) Warranty, service, and customer support performed by a covered entity or an entity that is a related entity of a covered entity.

## Notes

### Authority

Authority: 15 U.S.C. 4651, et seq.

### Source

Source: 88 FR 61614, Sept. 25, 2023, unless otherwise noted.