---
kind: "section"
citation: "14 C.F.R. § 61.155"
title: "14"
number: "61.155"
heading: "Aeronautical knowledge."
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/14/61.155"
---

# §61.155. Aeronautical knowledge.

- (a) **General.** The knowledge test for an airline transport pilot certificate is based on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in [paragraph (c)](#c) of this section that are appropriate to the aircraft category and class rating sought.
- (b) **Aircraft type rating.** A person who is applying for an additional aircraft type rating to be added to an airline transport pilot certificate is not required to pass a knowledge test if that person's airline transport pilot certificate lists the aircraft category and class rating that is appropriate to the type rating sought.
- (c) **Aeronautical knowledge areas.**
  - (1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that relate to airline transport pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations;
  - (2) Meteorology, including knowledge of and effects of fronts, frontal characteristics, cloud formations, icing, and upper-air data;
  - (3) General system of weather and NOTAM collection, dissemination, interpretation, and use;
  - (4) Interpretation and use of weather charts, maps, forecasts, sequence reports, abbreviations, and symbols;
  - (5) National Weather Service functions as they pertain to operations in the National Airspace System;
  - (6) Windshear and microburst awareness, identification, and avoidance;
  - (7) Principles of air navigation under instrument meteorological conditions in the National Airspace System;
  - (8) Air traffic control procedures and pilot responsibilities as they relate to en route operations, terminal area and radar operations, and instrument departure and approach procedures;
  - (9) Aircraft loading, weight and balance, use of charts, graphs, tables, formulas, and computations, and their effect on aircraft performance;
  - (10) Aerodynamics relating to an aircraft's flight characteristics and performance in normal and abnormal flight regimes;
  - (11) Human factors;
  - (12) Aeronautical decision making and judgment;
  - (13) Crew resource management to include crew communication and coordination; and
  - (14) For an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating or an airline transport pilot certificate obtained concurrently with a multiengine airplane type rating, the content of the airline transport pilot certification training program in [§ 61.156](/cfr/14/61.156.md).

## Notes

### Amendments

[Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42374, July 15, 2013; Amdt. 61-130C, 81 FR 2, Jan. 4, 2016; Amdt. 61-149, 86 FR 62087, Nov. 9, 2021]

### Authority

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, 44701-44703, 44707, 44709-44711, 44729, 44903, 45102-45103, 45301-45302.

### Source

Source: Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, unless otherwise noted.

### Amendments

[Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42374, July 15, 2013; Amdt. 61-130C, 81 FR 2, Jan. 4, 2016; Amdt. 61-149, 86 FR 62087, Nov. 9, 2021]