---
kind: "range"
citation: "14 C.F.R. §§ 29.1545–29.1565"
title: "14"
from: "29.1545"
to: "29.1565"
count: 10
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/14/29.1545..29.1565"
---

# §29.1545. Airspeed indicator.

- (a) Each airspeed indicator must be marked as specified in [paragraph (b)](#b) of this section, with the marks located at the corresponding indicated airspeeds.
- (b) The following markings must be made:
  - (1) **A red line—**
    - (i) **For rotorcraft other than helicopters, at V<I>NE</I>.**
    - (ii) **For helicopters, at V<I>NE</I> (power-on).**
    - (iii) **For helicopters, at V<I>NE</I> (power-off).** If VNE (power-off) is less than VNE (power-on) and both are simultaneously displayed, the red line at VNE (power-off) must be clearly distinguishable from the red line at VNE (power-on).
  - (2) [Reserved]
  - (3) **For the caution range, a yellow range.**
  - (4) **For the normal operating range, a green or unmarked range.**

# §29.1547. Magnetic direction indicator.

- (a) A placard meeting the requirements of this section must be installed on or near the magnetic direction indicator.
- (b) The placard must show the calibration of the instrument in level flight with the engines operating.
- (c) The placard must state whether the calibration was made with radio receivers on or off.
- (d) Each calibration reading must be in terms of magnetic heading in not more than 45 degree increments.

# §29.1549. Powerplant instruments.


For each required powerplant instrument, as appropriate to the type of instruments—

- (a) Each maximum and, if applicable, minimum safe operating limit must be marked with a red line;
- (b) Each normal operating range must be marked as a green or unmarked range;
- (c) Each takeoff and precautionary range must be marked with a yellow range or yellow line;
- (d) Each engine or rotor range that is restricted because of excessive vibration stresses must be marked with red ranges or red lines; and
- (e) Each OEI limit or approved operating range must be marked to be clearly differentiated from the markings of [paragraphs (a) through (d)](#a..d) of this section except that no marking is normally required for the 30-second OEI limit.

# §29.1551. Oil quantity indicator.


Each oil quantity indicator must be marked with enough increments to indicate readily and accurately the quantity of oil.


# §29.1553. Fuel quantity indicator.


If the unusable fuel supply for any tank exceeds one gallon, or five percent of the tank capacity, whichever is greater, a red arc must be marked on its indicator extending from the calibrated zero reading to the lowest reading obtainable in level flight.


# §29.1555. Control markings.

- (a) Each cockpit control, other than primary flight controls or control whose function is obvious, must be plainly marked as to its function and method of operation.
- (b) **For powerplant fuel controls—**
  - (1) Each fuel tank selector valve control must be marked to indicate the position corresponding to each tank and to each existing cross feed position;
  - (2) If safe operation requires the use of any tanks in a specific sequence, that sequence must be marked on, or adjacent to, the selector for those tanks; and
  - (3) Each valve control for any engine of a multiengine rotorcraft must be marked to indicate the position corresponding to each engine controlled.
- (c) Usable fuel capacity must be marked as follows:
  - (1) For fuel systems having no selector controls, the usable fuel capacity of the system must be indicated at the fuel quantity indicator unless it is:
    - (i) Provided by another system or equipment readily accessible to the pilot; and
    - (ii) **Contained in the limitations section of the rotorcraft flight manual.**
  - (2) For fuel systems having selector controls, the usable fuel capacity available at each selector control position must be indicated near the selector control.
- (d) **For accessory, auxiliary, and emergency controls—**
  - (1) Each essential visual position indicator, such as those showing rotor pitch or landing gear position, must be marked so that each crewmember can determine at any time the position of the unit to which it relates; and
  - (2) Each emergency control must be red and must be marked as to method of operation.
- (e) For rotorcraft incorporating retractable landing gear, the maximum landing gear operating speed must be displayed in clear view of the pilot.

# §29.1557. Miscellaneous markings and placards.

- (a) **Baggage and cargo compartments, and ballast location.** Each baggage and cargo compartment, and each ballast location must have a placard stating any limitations on contents, including weight, that are necessary under the loading requirements.
- (b) **Seats.** If the maximum allowable weight to be carried in a seat is less than 170 pounds, a placard stating the lesser weight must be permanently attached to the seat structure.
- (c) **Fuel and oil filler openings.** The following apply:
  - (1) Fuel filler openings must be marked at or near the filler cover with—
    - (i) The word “fuel”;
    - (ii) For reciprocating engine powered rotorcraft, the minimum fuel grade;
    - (iii) For turbine-engine-powered rotorcraft, the permissible fuel designations, except that if impractical, this information may be included in the rotorcraft flight manual, and the fuel filler may be marked with an appropriate reference to the flight manual; and
    - (iv) For pressure fueling systems, the maximum permissible fueling supply pressure and the maximum permissible defueling pressure.
  - (2) Oil filler openings must be marked at or near the filler cover with the word “oil”.
- (d) **Emergency exit placards.** Each placard and operating control for each emergency exit must differ in color from the surrounding fuselage surface as prescribed in [§ 29.811(f)(2)](/cfr/14/29.811.md?p=f-2). A placard must be near each emergency exit control and must clearly indicate the location of that exit and its method of operation.

# §29.1559. Limitations placard.


There must be a placard in clear view of the pilot that specifies the kinds of operations (VFR, IFR, day, night, or icing) for which the rotorcraft is approved.


# §29.1561. Safety equipment.

- (a) Each safety equipment control to be operated by the crew in emergency, such as controls for automatic liferaft releases, must be plainly marked as to its method of operation.
- (b) Each location, such as a locker or compartment, that carries any fire extinguishing, signaling, or other life saving equipment, must be so marked.
- (c) Stowage provisions for required emergency equipment must be conspicuously marked to identify the contents and facilitate removal of the equipment.
- (d) Each liferaft must have obviously marked operating instructions.
- (e) Approved survival equipment must be marked for identification and method of operation.

# §29.1565. Tail rotor.


Each tail rotor must be marked so that its disc is conspicuous under normal daylight ground conditions.