---
kind: "section"
citation: "10 C.F.R. § 431.444"
title: "10"
number: "431.444"
heading: "Test Procedures for the measurement of energy efficiency of small electric motors."
url: "https://uscodex.org/cfr/10/431.444"
---

# §431.444. Test Procedures for the measurement of energy efficiency of small electric motors.

- (a) **Scope.** Pursuant to [section 346(b)(1)](/cfr/10/346.md?p=b-1) of EPCA, this section provides the test procedures for measuring the full-load efficiency of small electric motors pursuant to EPCA. ([42 U.S.C. 6317(b)(1)](/usc/42/6317.md?p=b-1)) For purposes of this part 431 and EPCA, the test procedures for measuring the efficiency of small electric motors shall be the test procedures specified in [paragraph (b)](#b) of this section.
- (b) **Testing and Calculations.** Determine the full-load efficiency of a small electric motor using one of the test methods listed in this [paragraphs (b)(1) through (4)](#b-1..b-4) of this section.
  - (1) **Incorporation by reference—** In [§ 431.443](/cfr/10/431.443.md), DOE incorporated by reference the entire standard for CSA C747-09, CSA C390-10, IEC 60034-1:2010, IEC 60034-2-1:2014, IEC 60051-1:2016, IEEE 112-2017, and IEEE 114-2010 into this section; however, only enumerated provisions of those documents referenced in this section are applicable as follows:
    - (i) **CSA C747-09—**
      - (A) [Section 1.6](/cfr/10/1.6.md) “Scope” as specified in paragraphs [(b)(2)(ii)](#b-2-ii) and [(b)(3)(ii)](#b-3-ii) of this section;
      - (B) [Section 3](/cfr/10/3.md) “Definitions” as specified in paragraphs [(b)(2)(ii)](#b-2-ii) and [(b)(3)(ii)](#b-3-ii) of this section;
      - (C) [Section 5](/cfr/10/5.md) “General test requirements” as specified in paragraphs [(b)(2)(ii)](#b-2-ii) and [(b)(3)(ii)](#b-3-ii) of this section; and
      - (D) **Section 6 “Test method” as specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) and (b)(3)(ii) of this section.**
    - (ii) **CSA C390-10—**
      - (A) [Section 1.3](/cfr/10/1.3.md), “Scope” as specified in [paragraph (b)(4)(ii)](#b-4-ii) of this section;
      - (B) [Section 3.1](/cfr/10/3.1.md), “Definitions” as specified in [paragraph (b)(4)(ii)](#b-4-ii) of this section;
      - (C) **Section 5, “General test requirements—** Measurements” as specified in [paragraph (b)(4)(ii)](#b-4-ii) of this section;
      - (D) [Section 7](/cfr/10/7.md), “Test method” as specified in [paragraph (b)(4)(ii)](#b-4-ii) of this section;
      - (E) Table 1, “Resistance measurement time delay” as specified in [paragraph (b)(4)(ii)](#b-4-ii) of this section;
      - (F) Annex B, “Linear regression analysis” as specified in [paragraph (b)(4)(ii)](#b-4-ii) of this section; and
      - (G) Annex C, “Procedure for correction of dynamometer torque readings” as specified in [paragraph (b)(4)(ii)](#b-4-ii) of this section.
    - (iii) **IEC 60034-1—** 2010:
      - (A) [Section 7.2](/cfr/10/7.2.md) as specified in paragraphs [(b)(2)(iii)](#b-2-iii), [(b)(3)(iii)](#b-3-iii), and [(b)(4)(iii)](#b-4-iii) of this section;
      - (B) [Section 8.6.2.3.3](/cfr/10/8.6.2.3.3.md) as specified in paragraphs [(b)(2)(iii)](#b-2-iii), [(b)(3)(iii)](#b-3-iii), and [(b)(4)(iii)](#b-4-iii) of this section; and
      - (C) **Table 5 as specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(iii), (b)(3)(iii), and (b)(4)(iii) of this section.**
    - (iv) **IEC 60034-2-1—** 2014:
      - (A) Method 2-1-1A as specified in paragraphs [(b)(2)(iii)](#b-2-iii) and [(b)(3)(iii)](#b-3-iii) of this section;
      - (B) Method 2-1-1B as specified in [paragraph (b)(4)(iii)](#b-4-iii) of this section;
      - (C) [Section 3](/cfr/10/3.md) “Terms and definitions” as specified in paragraphs [(b)(2)(iii)](#b-2-iii), [(b)(3)(iii)](#b-3-iii), and [(b)(4)(iii)](#b-4-iii) of this section;
      - (D) [Section 4](/cfr/10/4.md) “Symbols and abbreviations” as specified in paragraphs [(b)(2)(iii)](#b-2-iii), [(b)(3)(iii)](#b-3-iii), [(b)(4)(iii)](#b-4-iii) of this section;
      - (E) [Section 5](/cfr/10/5.md) “Basic requirements” as specified in paragraphs [(b)(2)(iii)](#b-2-iii), [(b)(3)(iii)](#b-3-iii), and [(b)(4)(iii)](#b-4-iii) of this section;
      - (F) [Section 6.1.2](/cfr/10/6.1.2.md) “Method 2-1-1A—Direct measurement of input and output” (except [Section 6.1.2.2](/cfr/10/6.1.2.2.md), “Test Procedure”) as specified in paragraphs [(b)(2)(iii)](#b-2-iii) and [(b)(3)(iii)](#b-3-iii) of this section;
      - (G) [Section 6.1.3](/cfr/10/6.1.3.md) “Method 2-1-1B—Summations of losses, additional load losses according to the method of residual losses” as specified in [paragraph (b)(4)(iii)](#b-4-iii) of this section; and
      - (H) **Annex D, “Test report template for 2-1-1B” as specified in paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section.**
    - (v) **IEC 60051-1—** 2016:
      - (A) [Section 5.2](/cfr/10/5.2.md) as specified in paragraphs [(b)(2)(iii)](#b-2-iii), [(b)(3)(iii)](#b-3-iii) and [(b)(4)(iii)](#b-4-iii), of this section; and
      - (B) [Reserved]
    - (vi) **IEEE 112-2017—**
      - (A) Test Method A as specified in [paragraph (b)(3)(i)](#b-3-i) of this section;
      - (B) Test Method B as specified in [paragraph (b)(4)(i)](#b-4-i) of this section;
      - (C) [Section 3](/cfr/10/3.md), “General” as specified in paragraphs [(b)(3)(i)](#b-3-i) and [(b)(4)(i)](#b-4-i) of this section;
      - (D) [Section 4](/cfr/10/4.md), “Measurements” as specified in paragraphs [(b)(3)(i)](#b-3-i) and [(b)(4)(i)](#b-4-i) of this section;
      - (E) [Section 5](/cfr/10/5.md), “Machine losses and tests for losses” as specified in paragraphs [(b)(3)(i)](#b-3-i) and [(b)(4)(i)](#b-4-i) of this section;
      - (F) [Section 6.1](/cfr/10/6.1.md), “General” as specified in paragraphs [(b)(3)(i)](#b-3-i) and [(b)(4)(i)](#b-4-i) of this section;
      - (G) [Section 6.3](/cfr/10/6.3.md), “Efficiency test method A—Input-output” as specified in [paragraph (b)(3)(i)](#b-3-i) of this section;
      - (H) [Section 6.4](/cfr/10/6.4.md), “Efficiency test method B—Input-output” as specified in [paragraph (b)(4)(i)](#b-4-i) of this section;
      - (I) [Section 9.2](/cfr/10/9.2.md), “Form A—Method A” as specified in [paragraph (b)(3)(i)](#b-3-i) of this section;
      - (J) [Section 9.3](/cfr/10/9.3.md), “Form A2—Method A calculations” as specified in [paragraph (b)(3)(i)](#b-3-i) of this section;
      - (K) [Section 9.4](/cfr/10/9.4.md), “Form B—Method B” as specified in [paragraph (b)(4)(i)](#b-4-i) of this section; and
      - (L) [Section 9.5](/cfr/10/9.5.md), “Form B2—Method B calculations” as specified in [paragraph (b)(4)(i)](#b-4-i) of this section.
    - (vii) **IEEE 114-2010—**
      - (A) [Section 3.2](/cfr/10/3.2.md), “Test with load” as specified in [paragraph (b)(2)(i)](#b-2-i) of this section;
      - (B) [Section 4](/cfr/10/4.md), “Testing Facilities as specified in [paragraph (b)(2)(i)](#b-2-i) of this section;
      - (C) [Section 5](/cfr/10/5.md), “Measurements” as specified in [paragraph (b)(2)(i)](#b-2-i) of this section;
      - (D) [Section 6](/cfr/10/6.md), “General” as specified in [paragraph (b)(2)(i)](#b-2-i) of this section;
      - (E) [Section 7](/cfr/10/7.md), “Type of loss” as specified in [paragraph (b)(2)(i)](#b-2-i) of this section;
      - (F) [Section 8](/cfr/10/8.md), “Efficiency and Power Factor” as specified in [paragraph (b)(2)(i)](#b-2-i) of this section;
      - (G) [Section 10](/cfr/10/10.md) “Temperature Tests” as specified in [paragraph (b)(2)(i)](#b-2-i) of this section;
      - (H) Annex A, Section A.3 “Determination of Motor Efficiency” as specified in [paragraph (b)(2)(i)](#b-2-i) of this section; and
      - (I) Annex A, Section A.4 “Explanatory notes for form 3, test data” as specified in [paragraph (b)(2)(i)](#b-2-i) of this section.
    - (viii) In cases where there is a conflict, the language of this appendix takes precedence over those documents. Any subsequent amendment to a referenced document by the standard-setting organization will not affect the test procedure in this appendix, unless and until the test procedure is amended by DOE.
  - (2) **Single-phase small electric motors.** For single-phase small electric motors, use one of the following methods:
    - (i) IEEE 114-2010, [Section 3.2](/cfr/10/3.2.md), “Test with load”, [Section 4](/cfr/10/4.md), “Testing Facilities, [Section 5](/cfr/10/5.md), “Measurements”, [Section 6](/cfr/10/6.md), “General”, [Section 7](/cfr/10/7.md), “Type of loss”, [Section 8](/cfr/10/8.md), “Efficiency and Power Factor”; [Section 10](/cfr/10/10.md) “Temperature Tests”, Annex A, Section A.3 “Determination of Motor Efficiency”, Annex A, Section A.4 “Explanatory notes for form 3, test data”;
    - (ii) CSA C747-09, [Section 1.6](/cfr/10/1.6.md) “Scope”, [Section 3](/cfr/10/3.md) “Definitions”, [Section 5](/cfr/10/5.md), “General test requirements”, and [Section 6](/cfr/10/6.md) “Test method”;
    - (iii) **IEC 60034-2-1—** 2014 Method 2-1-1A, [Section 3](/cfr/10/3.md) “Terms and definitions”, [Section 4](/cfr/10/4.md) “Symbols and abbreviations”, [Section 5](/cfr/10/5.md) “Basic requirements”, and [Section 6.1.2](/cfr/10/6.1.2.md) “Method 2-1-1A—Direct measurement of input and output” (except [Section 6.1.2.2](/cfr/10/6.1.2.2.md), “Test Procedure”). The supply voltage shall be in accordance with [section 7.2](/cfr/10/7.2.md) of IEC 60034-1:2010 (incorporated by reference, see [§ 431.443](/cfr/10/431.443.md)). The measured resistance at the end of the thermal test shall be determined in a similar way to the extrapolation procedure described in [section 8.6.2.3.3](/cfr/10/8.6.2.3.3.md) of IEC 60034-1:2010, using the shortest possible time instead of the time interval specified in Table 5 therein, and extrapolating to zero. The measuring instruments for electrical quantities shall have the equivalent of an accuracy class of 0,2 in case of a direct test and 0,5 in case of an indirect test in accordance with [section 5.2](/cfr/10/5.2.md) of IEC 60051-1:2016 (incorporated by reference, see [§ 431.443](/cfr/10/431.443.md)).
      - (A) **Additional IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A Torque Measurement Instructions.** If using IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A to measure motor performance, follow the instructions in [paragraph (b)(2)(iii)(B)](#b-2-iii-B) of this section, instead of [section 6.1.2.2](/cfr/10/6.1.2.2.md) of IEC 60034-2-1:2014;
      - (B) **Couple the machine under test to a load machine.** Measure torque using an in-line, shaft-coupled, rotating torque transducer or stationary, stator reaction torque transducer. Operate the machine under test at the rated load until thermal equilibrium is achieved (rate of change 1 K or less per half hour). Record U, I, Pel, n, T, θc.
  - (3) **Polyphase small electric motors of less than or equal to 1 horsepower (0.75 kW).** For polyphase small electric motors with 1 horsepower or less, use one of the following methods:
    - (i) IEEE 112-2017 Test Method A, [Section 3](/cfr/10/3.md), “General”, [Section 4](/cfr/10/4.md), “Measurements”, [Section 5](/cfr/10/5.md), “Machine losses and tests for losses”, [Section 6.1](/cfr/10/6.1.md), “General”, [Section 6.3](/cfr/10/6.3.md), “Efficiency test method A—Input-output”, [Section 9.2](/cfr/10/9.2.md), “Form A—Method A”, and [Section 9.3](/cfr/10/9.3.md), “Form A2—Method A calculations”;
    - (ii) CSA C747-09, [Section 1.6](/cfr/10/1.6.md) “Scope”, [Section 3](/cfr/10/3.md) “Definitions”, [Section 5](/cfr/10/5.md), “General test requirements”, and [Section 6](/cfr/10/6.md) “Test method”;
    - (iii) **IEC 60034-2-1—** 2014 Method 2-1-1A, [Section 3](/cfr/10/3.md) “Terms and definitions”, [Section 4](/cfr/10/4.md) “Symbols and abbreviations”, [Section 5](/cfr/10/5.md) “Basic requirements”, and [Section 6.1.2](/cfr/10/6.1.2.md) “Method 2-1-1A—Direct measurement of input and output” (except [Section 6.1.2.2](/cfr/10/6.1.2.2.md), “Test Procedure”). The supply voltage shall be in accordance with [section 7.2](/cfr/10/7.2.md) of IEC 60034-1:2010. The measured resistance at the end of the thermal test shall be determined in a similar way to the extrapolation procedure described in [section 8.6.2.3.3](/cfr/10/8.6.2.3.3.md) of IEC 60034-1:2010 using the shortest possible time instead of the time interval specified in Table 5 therein, and extrapolating to zero. The measuring instruments for electrical quantities shall have the equivalent of an accuracy class of 0,2 in case of a direct test and 0,5 in case of an indirect test in accordance with [section 5.2](/cfr/10/5.2.md) of IEC 60051-1:2016.
      - (A) **Additional IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A Torque Measurement Instructions.** If using IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A to measure motor performance, follow the instructions in [paragraph (b)(3)(iii)(B)](#b-3-iii-B) of this section, instead of [section 6.1.2.2](/cfr/10/6.1.2.2.md) of IEC 60034-2-1:2014;
      - (B) **Couple the machine under test to load machine.** Measure torque using an in-line shaft-coupled, rotating torque transducer or stationary, stator reaction torque transducer. Operate the machine under test at the rated load until thermal equilibrium is achieved (rate of change 1 K or less per half hour). Record U, I, Pel, n, T, θc.
  - (4) **Polyphase small electric motors of greater than 1 horsepower (0.75 kW).** For polyphase small electric motors exceeding 1 horsepower, use one of the following methods:
    - (i) IEEE 112-2017 Test Method B, [Section 3](/cfr/10/3.md), “General”; [Section 4](/cfr/10/4.md), “Measurements”; [Section 5](/cfr/10/5.md), “Machine losses and tests for losses”, [Section 6.1](/cfr/10/6.1.md), “General”, [Section 6.4](/cfr/10/6.4.md), “Efficiency test method B—Input-output with loss segregation”, [Section 9.4](/cfr/10/9.4.md), “Form B—Method B”, and [Section 9.5](/cfr/10/9.5.md), “Form B2—Method B calculations”; or
    - (ii) CSA C390-10, [Section 1.3](/cfr/10/1.3.md), “Scope”, [Section 3.1](/cfr/10/3.1.md), “Definitions”, [Section 5](/cfr/10/5.md), “General test requirements—Measurements”, [Section 7](/cfr/10/7.md), “Test method”, Table 1, “Resistance measurement time delay, Annex B, “Linear regression analysis”, and Annex C, “Procedure for correction of dynamometer torque readings”; or
    - (iii) **IEC 60034-2-1—** 2014 Method 2-1-1B [Section 3](/cfr/10/3.md) “Terms and definitions”, [Section 4](/cfr/10/4.md) “Symbols and abbreviations”, [Section 5](/cfr/10/5.md) “Basic requirements”, [Section 6.1.3](/cfr/10/6.1.3.md) “Method 2-1-1B—Summation of losses, additional load losses according to the method of residual losses.”, and Annex D, “Test report template for 2-1-1B. The supply voltage shall be in accordance with [section 7.2](/cfr/10/7.2.md) of IEC 60034-1:2010. The measured resistance at the end of the thermal test shall be determined in a similar way to the extrapolation procedure described in [section 8.6.2.3.3](/cfr/10/8.6.2.3.3.md) of IEC 60034-1:2010 using the shortest possible time instead of the time interval specified in Table 5 therein, and extrapolating to zero. The measuring instruments for electrical quantities shall have the equivalent of an accuracy class of 0,2 in case of a direct test and 0,5 in case of an indirect test in accordance with [section 5.2](/cfr/10/5.2.md) of IEC 60051-1:2016.

## Notes

### Amendments

[86 FR 23, Jan. 4, 2021]

### Source

Source: 74 FR 32072, July 7, 2009, unless otherwise noted.

### Authority

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.

### Source

Source: 64 FR 54141, Oct. 5, 1999, unless otherwise noted.

### Amendments

[86 FR 23, Jan. 4, 2021]